科目 英語
年級 高二
文件 high2 unit3.3.doc
標(biāo)題 Mainly Revision
章節(jié) 第三單元
關(guān)鍵詞
內(nèi)容
一、教法建議
【拋磚引玉】
在不同的國家和地區(qū)，表達(dá)同一概念，體態(tài)語中的手勢可能不同，相同的手勢卻表達(dá)不同的概念。例如：表達(dá)數(shù)字“1”的概念時，我們習(xí)慣伸出食指，而瑞士人則伸出拇指；當(dāng)中國人伸出拇指時絕對不會表示“1”的意思，而是“好”的意思。據(jù)說由于手勢語的不同，不但產(chǎn)生很多誤會，還曾經(jīng)引起過一些災(zāi)難。有一次，一些歐洲海員在地中海游水作樂時不知不覺地游到了海防基地，衛(wèi)兵見到后向他們大聲喊叫，并作出“過來”的手勢。此時，海員們意識到離海防工事太近了，但是他們誤將衛(wèi)兵的手勢理解為“走開”，于是就向遠(yuǎn)處游去。警惕的衛(wèi)兵立即開槍打死了這些不幸者。
在西方國家，有一些特別的、人們都遵循的規(guī)矩。不敲門是不能打開關(guān)閉的門的；不受邀請是不能進(jìn)入私人住宅的，當(dāng)然你自己的住宅除外。在收到禮物時，西方人總是教孩子們說“謝謝”。對于西方人來說，吃飯出聲音被視為是不禮貌的，然而在有些國家，這是合適地表達(dá)你愛吃主人給你的食物。看來，假如你不知道其它國家的這些規(guī)矩，你就會犯可笑的錯誤。
通過學(xué)習(xí)本單元，同學(xué)們將了解到一些有關(guān)身勢語的知識，這在跨國語言文化間的交際中具有十分重要的作用。
【指點迷津】
A.單元重點新詞讀音歸類
1.[ ]manage handshake Arab manner
2.[ai]type dining-room
3.[d ]gesture juice
4.[ ]composition nod
5.[u:]communicate juice
6.[ei]handshake wave Asian communicate
7.[i:]agreement disagreement
8.[i]manage composition kiss distance fist
9. [ n]composition Asian
10.[ ]handshake Asian
11.[ ]composition agreement disagreement Arab custom manner distance communicate comfortable
B.單元重點新詞透視
1.manage
(1)作及物動詞用是“管理、經(jīng)營；安排，運用；控制”。如：
She has managed the company for many years and managed it very well . 她管理這家公司已經(jīng)很多年了，而且管理得非常好。
Mike knows how to manage wife when she’s angry . 當(dāng)他妻子生氣時，邁克知道怎樣對付。
(2)其后接不定式，作“設(shè)法做到……”（含成功的做某事）。如：
We managed to finish the hard work in time . 我們設(shè)法及時完成了那項重活。
測試要點：
(1)manage與try的辨異
manage常指“想方設(shè)法而成功地做成某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。try常指“試圖或努力做某事，成功與否不清楚”。如：
He manageed to get the housework done with very little help .在沒有多少幫助的情況下，他把家務(wù)活干完了。
He tried to get the housework done with very little help .他企圖在沒有多少幫助的情況下，把家務(wù)活干完。
(2)在交際英語中常用I can manage to / I can manage .
2.wave
(1)作可數(shù)名詞是“波，波浪，波濤，光或者聲的波”。如：The waves rolled on .波濤滾滾。sound waves聲波。long / short waves長 / 短波。
(2)作及物或者不及物動詞是“波動，漂動，揮手”。如：The flags waved in the winds .旗幟迎風(fēng)飄揚。
(3)指“情緒的波動，人群的潮涌”。如：Waves of strikes hit the country .罷工的浪潮沖擊著這個國家。
測試要點：
wave sb sth = wave sth to sb向某人揮手……
She waved me a greeting . = She waved a greeting to me .她向我揮手致意。
He waved good-by to us .他向我們揮手告別。
3.agreement同意、一致
測試要點：
(1)in agreement表示同意。如：She nodded her head in agreement . 她點頭表示同意。
(2)in agreement with和…一致。如：Her opinion is in agreement with mine .她的意見和我的意見一致。
(3)agreement的反義詞是disagreement。express one’s disagreement表示某人的不同意見。
4.kiss可作名詞、及物動詞和不及物動詞。意思是“吻，親吻，用吻表達(dá)；輕拂”
The two balls kissed .兩球輕輕相碰。
A soft breeze kissed her face . 輕風(fēng)拂過她的臉。
測試要點：
(1)kiss sb + on + the + check吻某人的臉蛋
(2)kiss sb goodbye = kiss goodbye to sb向某人吻別，kiss hello to sb向某人問好
(3)give sb a kiss吻某人一下
(4)習(xí)語：kiss the dust / ground承認(rèn)徹底失敗，kiss of life人工呼吸
5.custom習(xí)慣，習(xí)俗，風(fēng)俗
Their customs and habits are different from ours .他們的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣與我們的不同。
測試要點：
(1)區(qū)別custom與habit
custom主要是群體性的不斷演變而成的習(xí)慣，代表一個國家或者地區(qū)的傳統(tǒng)，即“習(xí)俗、風(fēng)俗”。habit是指一個動作反復(fù)發(fā)生，習(xí)慣成自然。如：
Social customs are greatly different from country to country .各個國家的社會風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣很不相同。
Biting his fingers is his habit .咬手指是他的習(xí)慣。
(2)customs常作“關(guān)稅”，the Customs海關(guān)。
6.proud驕傲的；自豪的。該詞的名詞形式為pride .
測試要點：
(1)be proud of對……驕傲
We are proud of our great motherland . 我們?yōu)槲覀儌ゴ蟮淖鎳湴痢?/p>
(2)be proud to do干……驕傲
She is proud to have taken part in the Asian Games .她為能參加了亞運會而自豪。
(3)feel proud that為……自豪
Our football team feels proud that it has won every match this year .我們的足球隊今年每次比賽都贏了，這使全隊都感到驕傲。
(4)take (a) pride in以……自豪，對……得意
He takes pride in his success .= He is proud of his success .
(5)with pride = proudly驕傲地，自豪地
(6)諺語：Pride will have a fall .= Pride goes before a fall . 驕者必敗。
7.manner方式；態(tài)度；舉止。manners禮貌
測試要點：
(1)用作單數(shù)是“方式，方法，風(fēng)格，手法”。如：I love duck cooked in Chinese manner / way .我愛吃中國燒法的鴨子。I don’t like his manner of speaking .我不喜歡他的說話方式。
(2)with manners有禮貌，without manners沒禮貌
(3)have good manners有禮貌，have no manners沒禮貌
(4)區(qū)別下列表達(dá)“方法”的名詞，注意各自的介詞搭配：manner , way , means , method
manner指“行為的特殊方式或獨特的個人方法”。in the Western manner以西方式的，in a manner = in a way在一定程度上
way常指“一般方式，方法”。in this way用這種方法
means多指抽象或概括性意義的“手段，方法”。by this means有這種方法
method著重為達(dá)到目的或解決問題而采取的有系統(tǒng)、有步驟的方法，著重方法的準(zhǔn)確有效。with this method用這種方法
8.distance距離
測試要點：
(1)at a distance稍遠(yuǎn)一點，at a distance of two miles在2英里的距離處，in the distance在遠(yuǎn)方。如：This oil-painting looks beautiful at a distance .這幅油畫站稍遠(yuǎn)一點看很好看。
In the dark night , we could a light in the distance at sea .在漆黑的夜晚，我們在海上能看到遠(yuǎn)處的燈光。
(2)distance的形容詞是distant
(3)What is the distance from…to …?哪離哪有多遠(yuǎn)？
(4)make a long distance call打長途電話
C.單元重點詞組掃瞄
1.It is a pleasure to do …很高興地干……
2.Would you like me to do…?你想讓我干……？
3.I can manage it myself .我自己能解決。
4.help sb with cooking a meal幫某人做飯
5.show sb to the dining room領(lǐng)……去餐廳= lead sb to the dining-room
6.do the shooping購物，買東西
7.make oneself understood讓別人理解自己 make oneself +過去分詞“讓自己被明白”make sb do讓某人干……
8.by words（抽象的）憑借語言，in words口頭上，with words用具體的語言，in deeds行動上
9.not just不只是 You can go there not just by bus , but by train .到那里不僅可以坐汽車，還可以坐火車。
10.send messages to sb向某人傳遞信息 With the help of satellites, we can send messages to other parts of the world .借助衛(wèi)星，我們可以向世界其它地區(qū)傳遞信息。
11.accept A as B認(rèn)為 / 承認(rèn)A是B The police accepted the story as true .警方認(rèn)為這事是真的。
These gestures are accepted both by Chinese and English speakers as having the same meaning .這些手勢和姿態(tài)對說漢語的人和說英語的人都是一樣的意思。
12.take…for example以……為榜樣，take…as an example以……為榜樣
Take water for example , it is made up of two gases──hydrogen and oxygen .以水為例，它是由氫和氧兩種氣體組成的。
Let’s take Lei Feng as a good example for all of us to follow .讓我們把雷鋒當(dāng)作我們大家學(xué)習(xí)的好榜樣。
13.shake hands握手，shake hands with sb = shake sb by the hand和某人握手
14.more often than比……更經(jīng)常 You watch TV more often than I .你看電視次數(shù)比我多。
15.do research on從事……研究 = make research on
16.point at指向，對準(zhǔn)，point out指出，point to朝……指去 He pointed his gun at the thief .他把槍對準(zhǔn)了小偷。
17.follow customs隨俗 Foreigners should follow these customs.外國人應(yīng)該遵守這些習(xí)俗。
18.hold up舉起，抬起，支撐，耽誤。He held up his hand to ask the teacher a question .
The building of the new road has been held up by bad weather .天氣惡劣，新路的修筑受到延誤。
19.be close to靠近，接近 The bus stop is close to our village .公共汽車站離我們村很近。
20.keep a certain distance away (from)與……保持一定的距離
21.communicate with與……交流（通訊、聯(lián)系） We can communicate with people in most parts of the world by telephone .我們能夠用電話同世界上的大部分地區(qū)聯(lián)系。
22.wait in line 排隊等候，wait in a long line排長隊
23.shou one’s anger at / on對……發(fā)泄脾氣
24.worry about / over為……煩惱，be worried about擔(dān)憂……
25.a day or two = one or two days一兩天
It is good manners to write or telephone a day or two later to thank your host .一兩天后寫信或打電話對東道主表示感謝是禮貌的。
D.大綱規(guī)定的單元日常核心交際用語指南
1.Offers and Responses（提供幫助和應(yīng)答）
發(fā)現(xiàn)陌生人或不太熟悉的人有困難，一般用下列句子主動提供幫助。
Can I help you ?/ What can I do for you ?/ Is there anything I can do for you ?/ Do you want me to call you a doctor ?/ Let me carry the luggage for you . / Would you like some coffee ?
如果是熟悉的人或朋友，可直接問對方需要什么幫助。
Would you like me to get you a book ? / Do you want me to call you a taxi ? / If you don’t mind , I’ll go and buy them for you . / Here , take my umbrella .
不需要別人幫助時，還是得先表示謝意。
Please don’t worry . I can manage it myself . / Please don’t bother . / Thank you all the same . / No thanks . / Thank you all the same .
2. Model Dialogues（提供幫助和應(yīng)答的交際示范）
Rose: Hi , Tom . You are carrying so many books .
Tom: Yes , they are very heavy .
Rose: Can I give you a hand ?
Tom: That’s very kind of you . I’m told you are busy these days .
Rose: Certainly , we’ll have our final exam .
Tom: What can I do for you then ? Can I help you with your English ?
Rose: Please don’t bother . Thanks a lot .
E.單元語法學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
不定式高考考什么？
動詞不定式因其使用廣泛，成為高考題中的熱點。近五年高考（1995－1999）僅單項填空題中，答案要求用動詞不定式的有13題。（有些題的答案雖非不定式，卻考查了與不定式的搭配或區(qū)別。）
現(xiàn)根據(jù)其在句中的形式和作用分述如下：
一、否定形式（在to前加not或never）
1.The patient was warned oily food after the operation .(96)
A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating
二、完成形式 (to have + 過去分詞）
1)表示發(fā)生在謂語動作（或狀態(tài)）之前的動作或狀態(tài)。
2)用在表示“希望”等含義的動詞過去式后，表示未曾實現(xiàn)的計劃等。
3)ought to have + 過去分詞“本應(yīng)該做，結(jié)果卻未做”。
2. I would love to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report . (97)
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
3.Robert is said abroad , but I don’t know what country he studied in . (99)
A. to study B. to have studied C. to be studying D . to have been studying
三、to的替代作用（承接上文，單獨用to來代替整個動詞不定式）
4.－I’ll be away on a business trip . Would you mind looking after my cat ? (95)
－Not at all . .
A. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not C. I’d like it D. I’d be happy to
5.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street , but his mother told him .(95)
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
6.－Alice , why didn’t you come yesterday ? (97)
－I , but I had an unexpected visitor .
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did
四、to的省略與否
7.Paul doesn’t have to be made , he always works hard .(95)
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
五、句法功能
A.作賓語
不定式與動名詞作賓語比較，為高考中的重中之重，重復(fù)考查現(xiàn)象明顯。
8.We agreed here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet . (95)
A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met
9.－You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting . (95)
－Well , now I regret that .
A. to do B. to be done C. to have done D. having done
B.作賓補(bǔ)/主補(bǔ)（上文的考例1，5，7）
10.－Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls ?
－Yes . They have better players , so I them to win . (99)
A. hope B. expect C. prefer D. want
C.作狀語
11.－I had a really good weekend at my uncle’s . (99)
－ .
A. Oh , that’s very nice of you B. Congratulations
C. It’s a pleasure D. Oh , I’m glad to hear that
D.作表語
12. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier , it more difficult . (99)
A. not make B. not making C. not to make D. do not make E.作表語
13.When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door “Sorry to miss you ;will call later .” (99)
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
參考答案：1-5 CBBDA 6-10 CBCDB 11-13 DCD
二、學(xué)海導(dǎo)航
【學(xué)法指要】
用本單元所學(xué)的關(guān)鍵語匯從A、B、C、D四個選項中選出一個最佳答案。
1.His French was very poor , so he couldn’t make himself . But we made him us . That is , he was made all this .
A. understand ; understand ; to understand
B. to understand ; to understand ; understand
C. understanding ; understanding ; understand
D. understood ; understand ; to understand
【簡析】答案選D。了解使役動詞make的句型可知為什么選D：make + sb + do使別人干……，make + oneself + 過去分詞“使別人明白自己”，sb be + made + to do某人被迫去干……
2. I would love to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report .
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
【簡析】答案選B。本題大意為：昨晚我本想?yún)⒓油頃也坏貌患影喙ぷ魍瓿蓤蟾妗ould love / like to do很想干……，would like / love to have done當(dāng)時很想但未能干……
3.The celebration of Christmas is a western .
A. habit B. manner C. movement D. custom
【簡析】答案選D。表達(dá)一個民族、國家、地區(qū)長期形成的習(xí)慣叫習(xí)俗，即custom。
4. I talked for a long time , and in the end I make her believe me .
A. tried to B. managed to C. could D. succeeded to
【簡析】答案選B。manage to do設(shè)法干成了……，try to do設(shè)法干……，succeed in doing成功地干……從語境in the end可知最后說服了對方。
5.My first teacher last week and said he was still in good health .
A. shook me by the hand
B. shook me by my hands
C. shook my hand
D. shook hand with me
【答案】選A。和……握手：shake sb by the hand , shake sb’s hands , shake hands with sb。
【妙文賞析】
（一）
The shoulders can bear heavy things . Your father has a great responsibility for the family on his shoulder . When faced with difficulty , the family should stand shoulder to shoulder to overcome it . You should not turn a cold shoulder to your family members . Nor should you give your friends the cold shoulder . Both expressions mean treating others coldly .
肩膀能夠負(fù)重，你父親就肩負(fù)起家庭擔(dān)子（have a great responsibility for the family on his shoulder）。有困難時，一家人就應(yīng)該肩并肩（shoulder to shoulder），同心協(xié)力，克服困難。你可不要對家人態(tài)度冷淡（turn a / the cold shoulder to sb ），也不要對朋友嚴(yán)厲拒絕（give / show sb a / the cold shoulder），兩個短語的意思都是不理睬或者冷落別人。
（二）Indian Sign Language
How would you talk if all your friends spoke a different language ?
Maybe you would talk by making signs the way that American Indians used to do .Long ago , when Indians of one tribe（部落）met Indians of another tribe , they had to make signs with their hands to understand each other .
There are some of the signs they made . Maybe you can make them , too .
When you are hungry , you move your right hand back and forth across your stomach .
When you mean “Let’s eat”, you cup（使成杯形）your right hand and move it up and down in front of your mouth .
When you have had enough to eat , you spread your thumb（姆指）and first finger（食指）apart , and move your hand from your chest to your chin（下巴）.
If you have a stomachache , you put both hands on your stomach , and move them back and forth .
1. In what situation would sign language be used ?
A. When the Indians met each other long ago .
B. When people don’t understand each other’s language .
C. When people who don’t share the same language want to make themselves understood .
D. When people do not make much noise .
2. Long ago , .
A. the Indians had spoken languages .
B. the Indians talked with each other with their hands
C. the Indians of different tribes used sign language to understand each other
D. the Indians preferred to use sign language rather than spoken language
3.Which of the following pictures shows that the Indian was full ?
4.The above picture C shows that .
A. the Indian was inviting us to dinner
B. the Indian had a pain in the stomach
C. the Indian was hungry
D. the Indian had eaten enough
答案：1.B 2.C 3.D 4.B
【思維體操】
請同學(xué)們閱讀說明后把圖和英文配對
WHAT DO THESE GESTURES MEAN？
The following gestures were used by actors in the 19th century . What did they mean , do you know ?
Match the actors’ speech to the gesture :
1. “Please , please , my darling never leave me …or I shall die !”
2. “Never ! How can you think that I would do such a thing !”
3. “I warn you , young man . If I find you doing that again , I shall punish you !”
4. “Of course , my dear , help yourself !”
5. “Please be sensible ! You must stop this stupid behaviour（行為）or you will lose everything !”
6. “I don’t care what I do .”
7. “Get away from me , you filthy, filthy beast（畜生）!”
8. “Of course !Don’t worry about it ! I’ll do it !”
9. “ I will finish my work even if it kills me !”
10. “I don’t agree with you . Now you listen to me !”
11. “Don’t do it . Please don’t do it !”
12.“Perhaps you would like to come for a little walk with me ?”
key:
1.B 2.C 3.E 4.C 5.H 6.F 7.K 8.D 9.I 10.J 11. L 12.A
三、智能顯示
【心中有數(shù)】
從學(xué)習(xí)不定期式開始到小品詞to的突破
我們在學(xué)習(xí)英語過程中，碰到了許多以to結(jié)尾的詞。To是介詞還是不定式符號，這是我們要特別注意的。本文試將常見的這些詞組作些歸納。下面是根據(jù)高考英語《考試說明》而列舉的一些常見的以to結(jié)尾的詞組或短語，希望同學(xué)們從高二就開始把不定式的知識點牢牢掌握，并在學(xué)習(xí)中不斷總結(jié)。只有這樣，才能對不定式的運用游刃有余，在以后的高考測試中穩(wěn)操勝券。
（一）、常見以介詞to結(jié)尾的詞組。
pay attention to注意、lead to導(dǎo)致、according to按照、object to反對、refer to參考，指、stick to堅持、refer + ing…to + ing喜愛……不愛……、belong to屬于、add up to總起來，總結(jié)著、next to挨著、get (become、be) used to習(xí)慣于、listen to聽、do good to對……有益、do harm to對……有害、help oneself to請吃……、be accustomed to習(xí)慣于、say hello to向……問好、in addition to除……之外、turn to翻到，求助于、look forward to盼望、set five to放心、devote…to …獻(xiàn)于……
1. (MET’88)Mother us stories when we were young .
A. was used to tell B. is used to telling C. used to tell D. used to telling
sb . be used to doing習(xí)慣于、sb . used to do過去常干、sth . be used to do被用來干……故選C。
2. (MET’90上海題)We’re looking forward to your country .
A. visiting B. visit C. be visiting D. being visiting
3. (MET’95上海題)She looks forward every spring to the flower lined garden .
A. visit B. paying C. walk in D. walking in
只要掌握look forward to中的to為介詞，那么2選A，3選D。至于短語動詞中的夾雜狀語起修飾性并不喧賓奪主。如：
She found herself looking forward more and more eagerly to the holiday at home .
They looked forward very much to seeing him again .
（二）、常見以不定式符號to結(jié)尾的詞組。
so as to以便做、It’s worth while + ing (to do )值得做、in order to目的是做、ought to應(yīng)該做、be willing to樂意做、It takes sb . time to do花時間做、be anxious to急于做、happen to碰巧做、be eager to渴望做、It costs sb + money to do花錢做、be afraid to怕做、chance to恰巧做、be ready to準(zhǔn)備做，樂意做、be so + adj + as to do如此……以致于……、be about to正準(zhǔn)備做，將做、make up one’t mind to決心做、pretend to假裝做、be + adj + enough to do足以做、intend do打算做、used to過去常做、be too …to do太……以致于、would / should love to很想做、plan to計劃做、expect to期待做、prefer to do…rather than do寧愿做……而不愿做……
4. (NMET’94) Rather than on a crowded bus , he always prefers a bicycle .
A. ride , ride B. riding , ride C. ride , to ride D. to ride , riding
5. (NMET’90) Tom kept quiet about the accident lose his job .
A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to
6. (MET’93上海題) Children at the beginning of this century a lot and themselves greatly even without television .
A. used to read …enjoying
B. used to read …enjoyed
C. were used to reading…enjoy
D. were used to read …enjoying
答案：4.C 5.B 6.B
（三）、特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中的to。
①to構(gòu)成的短語作插入語。如：
to tell (you) the truth說真的、Truth to tell實不相瞞、to begin / start with首先、to be more exact確切地講、to make a long story short長話短說，簡而言之、to be fair公平地說，憑心而論、to be sure肯定地，毫無疑問地……
②保留to去代表省略的不定式。如：
－Would you like to come to dinner tonight ? (NMET’94)
－I’d like to , but I’m too busy .
－Tom , do you plan to go skating ?
－Yes , we plan to .
③平行結(jié)構(gòu)中的小品詞to不可省。如：
To see is to believe . = Seeing is believing .
It’s better to laugh than to cry .
④介詞to加名詞頻頻亮相。如：
a monument to the heroes、a bridge to knowledge、a visitor to the city、answer to this problem、keys to the exercises、the entrance to / of a valley、the key to the door、the key to success、a traitor to one’s country、the passage to the room、the notes to the text…
⑤介詞to與“情感、心理”相連。如：
to one’s (great) surprise / satisfaction / joy / disappointment / regret…
⑥奇怪的小品副詞to。如：
I guessed from the hurrying to and fro〈來來回回〉in the house that something unusual was about to happen .
（四）、to是介詞還是不定式符號，根據(jù)不同的含義而定。
1.agree to同意
I don’t agree to his proposal . (to是介詞)
He agreed to help me two days later .(to是不定式符號)
2.come to來；談?wù)?/p>
He has a lot of money coming to him . (to是介詞)
He came to realize that he was wrong .(to是不定式符號)
3.get to到達(dá)；逐步
When did you get to the station . (to是介詞)
You’ll get to like the work . (to是不定式符號)
4.on the / one’s way to在……途中；即將……
I lost my pen on the way to school . (to是介詞)
She is on the way to see a film . (to是不定式符號)
5.happen to發(fā)生；碰巧
What happened to you ? (to是介詞)
He happened to pass by the station . (to是不定式符號)
（五）、to后與名詞、動詞構(gòu)成成語或短語。
go to college上大學(xué) go to school去上學(xué) face to face面對面 put to use利用 get to know知道…… go to bed上床睡覺 go to cinema看電影 sentence sb. to death處死…… come to a stop停止
【動手動腦】
To-infinitive , Infinitive Without To or Just To
英語中不定式有時候要加to，有時候不加to，有時候只要一個to把動詞省去不用。到底該怎樣正確運用不定式，有些同學(xué)對此感到束手無策，那么不妨做下面這些練習(xí)，定會對你有所幫助。
1.Don’t ask him to do that if he doesn’t want . (to do , do , to)
2.They could do nothing but . (to wait , wait)
3.We wondered whether (to go , go) forward or turn ,to turn) back .
4.Do what the teacher has told us . (to , to do , do)
5.Hearing this Tom didn’t know whether to laugh or . (to cry , cry)
6.－Would you like to go to the concert with me ?
－Yes , I’d like . (to go , to , go)
7.She doesn’t have to get up so early as she used .(to , to get up)
8. I would rather (to walk , walk) home than (take , to take) a bus .
9.The little child had no choice but . (to cry , cry)
10.Hadn’t you better (to hurry , hurry) if you want to catch the first bus ?
11.－She has to make a special trip to the store to get some salt .
－Does she have ? (to make , to , ×)
12.The policeman let those boys (to go , go), hoping they would learn from their mistake and (to obey , obey) the rules in the future .
13.That’s too good a chance (to let , let) .(pass , to pass)
14.I don’t think he need (tell , to tell) me .
15.I’ll try to help you it . (to do , to )
16.He went to America pennilessly , (return , to return) home forty years as a millionaire .
17.My brother has made a radio (listen , to listen ) to music .
18.They did all they could (help , to help) her .
19.－Ought I to go ?
－Yes , I think you ought . (to , ×)
20.Since you’re tired and sleepy , why not (have , to have) a good sleep ?
21.She has never dared (ask , to ask) them .
22.I dare (to say , say) , it’s going to rain .
23.Are we (bring , to bring) our books to the lecture ?
24.Do (ask , to ask) me if you want anything .
25.Crocodile may , and often do , swimmers . (to attack , attack )
答案及說明：
1.to 2.wait 3.to go , to turn 有對照之意，兩個不定式都要帶to。 4.to do 5.兩個答案都對：whether to laugh or (to) cry可看成成語，譯成“啼笑皆非”。6.to 對Would you like to…的回答是：Yes , I’d like to. 7.to 8.walk , take 9.to cry 10.hurry 11.to 對have / has to的回答應(yīng)該是to。12.go , obey 13.to let , pass 14.tell need第三人稱后無詞形的變化，說明它是情態(tài)動詞。 15.to do 16.to return 分詞作結(jié)果狀語表示必然的結(jié)果，不定式作結(jié)果狀語表示沒有預(yù)料到的結(jié)果。 17.to listen has made中的made含義是“制作”，不定式作定語。 18.to help 19.to 20.have why not后接原形動詞表示建議。 21.to ask 22.say。I dare say是個固定形式。 23.to bring be to表將來。24.ask。Do / Does / Did放在動詞原形前，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。 25.attack and often do看成插入語，may后接原形動詞。
【創(chuàng)新園地】
讀諺語，“覓”動物
下列英語諺語中均含動物名稱，你能根據(jù)字母提示寫出它們并把英語句子和后面的漢語句子對照入座嗎？
1.When the f preaches , take care of your g .
2.Use a book as a b does flowers .
3.Two d fight for a bone , and a third runs away with it .
4.Though your enemy seem a m , yet watch him like a l .
5.A black h lays a white egg .
6.All a wag their ears .
7.He who rides a t is afraid to dismount .
8.A m remains the same though dresses in silk .
9.Take the b by the horns .
10.Never repeat the words of others like a p .
11.An o is taken by the horns , and a man by the tongue .
12.As the old c crows , so does the young .
13.A thief knows a thief , it is the same with the w .
14.If you run after two h ， you will catch neither .
15.Catch the b before you sell his skin .
16.Where the d is slain , some of her blood will die .
17.As well be hanged for a sheep as for a l .
18.If two men ride on a h ， one must ride behind .
19.If one s leaps over the ditch , all the rest will follow .
20.Who will bell the c ?
A.有誰敢去冒這個險哪？ B.先捉到熊再賣皮。（勿過早樂觀。） C.勿鸚鵡學(xué)舌。 D.黑雞生白蛋。丑婦生俊兒。 E.聽到狐貍說教，當(dāng)心鵝兒被盜。 F.榜樣的力量是無窮的。 G.一心不能二用。 H.處理難局要果斷。 I.即使敵人像老鼠，也要當(dāng)作獅子防。（不怕強(qiáng)敵，只怕輕敵。） J.像蜜蜂采花那樣利用書。（讀書要善于吸取其精華。） K.驢子都愛扇耳朵。（驢子擺耳朵，傻瓜裝聰明。） L.鷸蚌相爭，漁翁得利。 M.老公雞怎么啼，小公雞怎么叫。（子女學(xué)父母。） N.牛因長角而被執(zhí)，人因失言而陷身。 O.豺狼識豺狼，小偷識小偷。（同聲相應(yīng)，同氣相投。） P.雁過留聲，車過留轍。 Q.一不做，二不休。（索性蠻干。） R.騎虎難下，進(jìn)退兩難。 S.即便身穿綢緞，猴子還是猴子。 T.凡事總有先和后。（有先必有后。）
（讀諺語，“覓”動物）答案
1.fox , geese 2.bee 3.dogs 4.mouse , lion 5.hen 6.asses 7.tiger 8.monkey 9.bull 10.parrot 11.ox 12.cock 13.wolf 14.hares 15.bear 16.deer 17.lamb 18.horse 19.sheep 20.cat
A－20，B－15，C－10，D－5，E－1，F(xiàn)－19，G－14，H－9，I－4，J－2，K－6，L－3，M－12，N－11，O－13，P－16，Q－17，R－7，S－8，T－18