核心詞匯
1．Everybody was informed that his wedding ____________(典禮)would be held in the beautiful park next Sunday.
2．As we all know，a fever is a ____________(癥狀) of illness.
3．Due to lack of ____________(治療)，some patients rescued from the ruins died soon.
4. The difficulty is __________(臨時(shí)的)so we should be optimistic.
5．The burning plastic gave off ____________(有毒的)gas，which is harmful to our health.
6．He was ____________(受傷)seriously，which caused him to be absent from the 2010 World Cup.
7．The biggest problem I have to face is the language ____________(障礙)when I go abroad.
8．He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and an ____________(救護(hù)車)arrived.
9．It was ____________ of the young man to go into the burning building to rescue the little boy.He showed great ____________ in the face of danger，which was why I admired him so much.(bravely)
10．用press的適當(dāng)形式填空
(1)Life is tough in the city.In order to lose their __________，some people drink alcohol.
(2)He ____________ the button and the doorbell rang.
1.ceremony 2.symptom 3.treatment 4.temporary 5.poisonous 6.injured 7.barrier 8.ambulance 9.brave；bravery 10.(1)pressure (2)pressed
高頻短語(yǔ)
1．________________ 急救
2．________________ 生病
3．________________ 阻止……
4．________________ 燒傷
5．________________ 觸電；電休克
6．________________ 榨出；擠出
7．________________ 反復(fù)；多次
8．________________ 在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢茫贿m當(dāng)
9．________________ 若干；許多
10．________________ 找到
11．________________ 區(qū)別對(duì)待；有影響；起(重要)作用
1.first aid 2.fall ill 3.prevent...from... 4.get burned 5.electric shock 6.squeeze out 7.over and over again 8.in place 9.a number of 10.put one’s hands on 11.make a difference
重點(diǎn)句式
1．Remove clothing using scissors ____________________ it is stuck to the burn.除非衣服粘貼在燒傷面上，否則都要把衣服脫掉。如果需要的話，可以使用剪刀。
2．John ____________________ in his room ________ he heard screaming.
約翰正在房間里學(xué)習(xí)，突然聽到一聲尖叫。
3．____________________ John’s quick action and knowledge of first aid ________ saved Ms Slade’s life.
正是約翰的快速反應(yīng)和急救知識(shí)救了斯萊德女士的命。
4．____________________ John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life.毫無疑問，是約翰敏捷的思維和在學(xué)校所學(xué)的急救技術(shù)，使得斯萊德女士得救了。
5．It shows that a knowledge of first aid can ____________________.這說明了急救知識(shí)的確能發(fā)揮重要的作用。
1.if necessary unless 2.was studying；when 3.It was；that 4.There is no doubt that 5.make a real difference
知識(shí)詳解
1aid n．& vt. 幫助；援助；資助
(回歸課本P33)First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found.
急救就是在找到醫(yī)生之前對(duì)突然生病或受傷的人給予臨時(shí)性的幫助。
[歸納拓展]
①(牛津P42)This job would be impossible without the aid of a computer.
這項(xiàng)工作不用計(jì)算機(jī)是不行的。
②(牛津P42)One of the staff saw he was in difficulty and came to his aid(＝helped him)．
一名工作人員見他有困難，便過來幫忙。
[例句探源]
③We are collecting money in aid of the people who have lost their homes in Sichuan Earthquake.
我們正集資以資助那些在四川地震中失去家園的人。
④I aided the poor girl in continuing her study.
我?guī)椭@可憐的女孩繼續(xù)她的學(xué)業(yè)。
[即境活用]
1．完成句子
(1)在英語(yǔ)老師的幫助下，這學(xué)期我們已經(jīng)取得了巨大的進(jìn)步。
________ ________ ________ ________ our English teacher，we have made great progress this term.
答案：With the aid of
(2)當(dāng)我身陷困境時(shí)，我所有的朋友都來幫助我。
When I was in trouble，all my friends ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：came to my aid
2vital adj. 至關(guān)重要的；生死攸關(guān)的
(回歸課本P35)If the injuries are second or third degree burns，it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.
如果是二度或者三度燒傷，至關(guān)重要的是把傷者立刻送去看醫(yī)生或送往醫(yī)院。
[歸納拓展]
①(牛津P2248)It is vital that you keep accurate records when you are selfMemployed.
干個(gè)體記賬要準(zhǔn)確是十分重要的。
②(牛津P2248)Reading is of vital importance in language learning.
閱讀在語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)中至關(guān)重要。
③Consideration for other people is vital to all of us.
對(duì)我們所有人而言體諒別人是極其重要的。
[例句探源]
2．完成句子
(1)依我看來，理查德對(duì)本隊(duì)的成功起了至關(guān)重要的作用。
As far as I’m concerned，Richard ________ ________ ________the team’s success.
答案：is vital to
(2)我們應(yīng)立即開始手術(shù)，因?yàn)檫@是生死攸關(guān)的。
It’s vital that we ________ ________the operation immediately.
答案：(should) carry out
[即境活用]
3treat vt.& vi. 治療；對(duì)待；款待
n． 款待；招待
(回歸課本P38)John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade’s hands.
約翰用這些東西處理斯萊德女士手上最嚴(yán)重的傷口。
[歸納拓展]
①(牛津P2154)I decided to treat his remark as a joke.
我決定把他的話當(dāng)作戲言。
②(天津高考)We treated each other as brothers and sisters.
我們把彼此看作兄弟姐妹。
③(牛津P2154)Don’t worry about the cost－I’ll treat you.
別擔(dān)心費(fèi)用，我請(qǐng)客。
[例句探源]
④He is seriously ill，and is being treated in hospital now.
他病得很重，現(xiàn)在在醫(yī)院接受治療。
⑤Let’s go out for dinner－my treat this time.
咱們出去吃飯吧！--這次我請(qǐng)客。
3．Although her relatives didn’t think she could live for three months，the old doctor finally ________ her of her disease.
A．cured B．operated
C．treated D．served
解析：選A。cure sb.of a disease治愈某人的病，還可以表達(dá)為cure sb.或cure the disease。treat sb.for a disease治療某人的病。
[即境活用]
4apply v． 應(yīng)用；運(yùn)用；申請(qǐng)；請(qǐng)求
(回歸課本P38)He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.
他使勁地按住傷口，使血流得慢些，一直等到警察和救護(hù)車的到來。
[歸納拓展]
①(朗文P82)I applied to four colleges and was accepted by all of them.
我申請(qǐng)了4所大學(xué)，全都錄取了我。
②I would like to apply to become an assistant in your company.
我想申請(qǐng)成為你們公司的助理。
[例句探源]
③I have been out of work for half a year，so I want to apply for a job in this company.
我已經(jīng)失業(yè)半年了，所以想在這家公司申請(qǐng)一份工作。
④What you said doesn’t apply to me.
你所說的并不適合我。
4．(2009年高考浙江卷)The good thing about children is that they________very easily to new environments.
A．a(chǎn)dapt B．a(chǎn)ppeal
C．a(chǎn)ttach D．a(chǎn)pply
解析：選A。句意：作為孩子的好處是他們很容易適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。adapt to為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“適應(yīng)”。
[即境活用]
5．-What should I do?
-Clean the wound and ________ the medicine to it.
A．a(chǎn)pply B．devote
C．Pour D．squeeze
解析：選A。由Clean the wound及the medicine可知應(yīng)該敷(apply)藥。devote奉獻(xiàn)；pour倒；squeeze擠。
5in place 在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢茫贿m當(dāng)
(回歸課本P35)Hold the bandage in place with tape.
用膠布把繃帶固定。
[歸納拓展]
①(牛津P1507)All the arrangements are now in place for their visit.
他們來訪的一切都安排就緒了。
②You may read any book on the shelf on condition that you promise to put the book in place.
只要你保證把書放回原處，書架上的書你可以隨意看。
③(牛津P1507)I felt completely out of place among all these successful people.
夾在這些事業(yè)有成的人中間，我覺得格格不入。
[例句探源]
6．用place的短語(yǔ)填空：
(1)Don’t take anything away.Father likes everything to be ____________.
答案：in place
(2)Sending email has almost ____________ writing letters.
答案：taken the place of
(3)If I had been ____________，I might have accepted the invitation.
答案：in your place
[即境活用]
6make a difference 區(qū)別對(duì)待；有影響；起(重要)作用
(回歸課本P38)It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.
這說明了急救知識(shí)的確能發(fā)揮重要的作用。
[歸納拓展]
①(牛津P553)Your age shouldn’t make any difference to whether you get the job or not.
你能否得到這個(gè)工作與年齡無關(guān)。
②(牛津P553)I don’t think it makes a lot of difference what colour it is.
我認(rèn)為顏色無關(guān)緊要。
③It isn’t what you have done but what you will do that makes a difference.
重要的不是你做了什么而是你將要做什么。
[例句探源]
④The twins are so alike，it’s difficult to tell the difference.
這對(duì)雙胞胎長(zhǎng)得太像了，很難分出誰(shuí)是誰(shuí)。
[即境活用]
7．完成句子
(1)現(xiàn)在他們非常需要幫助，因此你的幫助當(dāng)然意義重大。
They are now in great need of help.So your support will certainly ________ ________ ________.
答案：make a difference
(2)她來不來參加我們的聚會(huì)有什么關(guān)系嗎？
Does it ________ ________ ________ ________she will come to our party?
答案：make any difference whether
(3)生活在大城市與生活在鄉(xiāng)村有許多不同。
There are many ________ ________living in a big city ________ living in the countryside.
答案：differences between；and
句型梳理
1【教材原句】 Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.(P34)
除非衣服緊貼在燒傷面上，否則都要把衣服脫掉。如果需要的話，可以使用剪刀。
【句法分析】 (1)unless是連詞，意為“除非，如果不”，引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)肯定條件狀語(yǔ)從句，從句有時(shí)可以與if...not...引導(dǎo)的否定狀語(yǔ)從句互換。
①(牛津P2207)Unless something unexpected happens，I’ll see you tomorrow.
如果不出意外，我明天去看你。
②(2009年高考四川卷)Owen wouldn’t eat anything unless he cooked it himself.
歐文只吃他自己做的飯菜。
③We will have a picnic in the park this Sunday unless it rains or it’s very cold.
除非下雨或天很冷，我們將在本周日去公園野餐。
(2)stick to
a．粘在……之上
④A piece of chewing gum stuck to my shoe.
一片口香糖粘在了我的鞋上。
b．堅(jiān)持
⑤He always sticks to his promise.他總是堅(jiān)守自己的諾言。
⑥If you stick to the truth，you’ve nothing to fear.
你要是堅(jiān)持真理就可以無所畏懼。
8．(2010年高考課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)The little boy won’t go to sleep ________ his mother tells him a story.
A．or B．unless
C．but D．whether
解析：選B。句意：除非媽媽給他講故事，否則小男孩就不去睡覺。本題考查連詞。or或者，否則；unless除非；but但，除……之外；whether是否。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，這里用unless表示“除非……否則……”。
[即境活用]
9．Once a decision has been made，all of us should ________ it.
A．direct to B．stick to
C．lead to D．refer to
解析：選B。stick to堅(jiān)持；lead to導(dǎo)致；refer to參考，查閱。句意：一旦做出決定，我們都應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持它。
2【教材原句】 If burns are on arms or legs，keep them higher than the heart，if possible.(P35)
如果燒傷的部位在臂部或腿部，盡可能把手臂或腿抬到高于心臟的位置。
【句法分析】 if possible如果可能的話，是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式，相當(dāng)于if it is possible。
①If possible，we’d like a table in a private room.
如果可能的話，我們希望要一張包間的餐桌。
②If possible，try to speak English as often as you can.
如果可能的話，盡可能經(jīng)常地講英語(yǔ)。
[歸納拓展]
③Will you be free this evening？If so，let’s go to the concert together.
你今晚有空嗎？如果有，我們一起去聽音樂會(huì)吧。
④Is anybody feeling cold？If not，let’s open the windows.
有人感到冷嗎？如果沒有的話，我們把窗戶打開。
⑤If necessary，I will go there myself.
如果必要的話，我將親自去那兒一趟。
10．-Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?
-Yes，________，I’m going to visit some homes for the old in the city.
A．if ever B．if busy
C．if anything D．if possible
解析：選D。句意：有的，如果有可能的話我想去拜訪城市的養(yǎng)老院。
[即境活用]
11．-I hear Alice was badly injured in the accident and sent to hospital.
-________，we should go and see her immediately.
A．If so
B．When necessary
C．On condition that
D．Believe it or not
解析：選A。考查省略。句意：--我聽說Alice在事故中受傷嚴(yán)重，并且被送進(jìn)了醫(yī)院。--如果是那樣的話，我們應(yīng)該馬上去看她。If so表示“如果這(那)樣的話……”；When necessary表示“有必要時(shí)……”；On condition that表示“如果……”；Believe it or not表示“信不信由你”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)意可知選A項(xiàng)。
3【教材原句】 John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.(P38)
約翰正在房間里學(xué)習(xí)，突然聽到一聲尖叫。
【句法分析】 when在此句中意為“這時(shí)，突然”，相當(dāng)于at this/that time，常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)中：
be doing...when...正在……這時(shí)……
be about to do...when...正打算做……這時(shí)……
be just going to do...when...正要……這時(shí)……
had just done...when...剛做了……這時(shí)……
be on the point of doing...when...正要……這時(shí)……
①We were about to leave when a big noise came from the next room.我們正要離開時(shí)隔壁發(fā)出了巨大的響聲。
②We were discussing the problem when there was a power failure.我們正在討論那個(gè)問題，這時(shí)停電了。
③I was on the point of calling him when he came in.
我正要給他打電話，這時(shí)他進(jìn)來了。
12．She opened her eyes with a start and was about to cry________she heard her father urgently telling her to keep quiet.
A．while B．when
C．before D．a(chǎn)fter
解析：選B。句意：她猛地睜開眼睛，剛要哭，這時(shí)她聽到她父親急忙告訴她要保持安靜。be about to do sth.when...為固定句型，其中的when為并列連詞，相當(dāng)于and at that time。
[即境活用]
13．-Where’s that report?
-I brought it to you________you were in Mr.Black’s office yesterday.
A．if B．when
C．because D．before
解析：選B。句意：“那份報(bào)告在哪里？”“昨天在布萊克先生辦公室的時(shí)候我給你了。”根據(jù)句意判斷，此處應(yīng)為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故選when。
14．There were some chairs left over ________ everyone had sat down.
A．when B．until
C．that D．where
解析：選A。句意：雖然所有人都坐下了，但還有一些椅子剩下。when放在句中時(shí)有even though之意。
作文指導(dǎo)
應(yīng)用文(例：書信類)
【體裁導(dǎo)航】
英文書信一般分為商業(yè)信函(Business Letters)和私人書信(Personal Letters)兩種，而高考書面表達(dá)一般都是要求寫私人書信。英文書信格式與中文書信格式有許多不同，它包括五部分，即信頭、稱呼、正文、結(jié)束語(yǔ)和簽名，具體如下：
1．信頭：寄信人的地址和寫信日期，寫在信的右上角。注意英語(yǔ)中地名的寫法與中文不同，要從小到大；日期的寫法也與中文不同，不是寫在簽名之下，而是寫在寄信人的地址之下。習(xí)慣上人們采用美式英語(yǔ)表達(dá)，即月、日、年，月、日與年之間用逗號(hào)隔開，月份盡量不要縮寫，如June 8,2007；而英式英語(yǔ)表達(dá)則為日、月、年，中間不用逗號(hào)隔開，如8 June 2007。
2．稱呼：自成一行，頂格寫。稱呼語(yǔ)常用：Dear Sir/Madam/Manager/Editor/friends/Bob，稱呼之后一般用逗號(hào)。
3．正文：信件的主體部分即為信的正文。正文寫在稱呼的下一行，與Dear后第一個(gè)單詞對(duì)齊。正文通常包括三部分，即開頭、目的和結(jié)尾。正文的開頭語(yǔ)常用：Thank you for your last letter asking about...；I’m glad to...。正文的結(jié)尾語(yǔ)是正文的一部分，常常另起一行，常用的結(jié)尾有：I’m looking forward to your reply；Thanks and all the best；Best wishes；Wishing you a pleasant journey。
4．結(jié)束語(yǔ)：結(jié)束語(yǔ)與正文的結(jié)尾語(yǔ)不一樣，它要寫在結(jié)尾語(yǔ)的下一行，位于書信的右下角，后面用逗號(hào)。常用的結(jié)束語(yǔ)有：Yours sincerely/faithfully/truly；Sincerely/Truly yours；Yours等。
5．簽名：簽名寫在結(jié)束語(yǔ)的下一行，與結(jié)束語(yǔ)對(duì)齊，也就是簽上寫信人的名字。
一封正規(guī)的私人書信格式如下：
Dear David，
I’ve learned it from the Internet that you want to make a Chinese friend so as to learn the Chinese language and culture.
______________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________
I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
【寫作示例】
假設(shè)你叫李平，你從報(bào)上得知某公司欲招聘一名英語(yǔ)翻譯，請(qǐng)你給該公司經(jīng)理寫一封求職信，你的個(gè)人資料如下：
姓名 李平 性別 男 年齡 30歲
畢業(yè)學(xué)校 北京師范大學(xué) 身體狀況 健康 身高 1.80米
工作經(jīng)歷 2000年至2003年 任教于南通中學(xué)
2003年至現(xiàn)在 任教于蘇州中學(xué)
特長(zhǎng)技能 精通英語(yǔ)，尤其是口語(yǔ)，曾將多本中文書籍譯成英語(yǔ)。
業(yè)余愛好 游泳、唱歌、跳舞
聯(lián)系電話 0512－8765432 聯(lián)系地址 蘇州市人民路1號(hào)
要求：1.根據(jù)上述要點(diǎn)，寫一封求職信；
2．要點(diǎn)齊全，行文連貫；
3．詞數(shù)：150左右。
【寫作要領(lǐng)】
求職信屬于公務(wù)信函，格式和用詞比較正規(guī)。
信的內(nèi)容可分為三部分：一、 寫信目的；二、自我介紹；三、要求與愿望。第一部分(第1段)為信的開頭，直截了當(dāng)?shù)靥岢鱿胍獞?yīng)聘英語(yǔ)翻譯一職，并表示出誠(chéng)意。第二部分(第2段和第3段)為自我介紹，詳細(xì)說明自己的基本狀況、學(xué)歷、工作經(jīng)歷、特長(zhǎng)、愛好等。在行文、用詞上要表現(xiàn)出自信、懇切的態(tài)度，語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)明扼要，突出介紹自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，與眾不同的特長(zhǎng)或有利條件。還要緊扣用人單位的需求，巧用詞語(yǔ)，勇敢地說服對(duì)方：此職位非你莫屬。
第三部分(第4段和第5段)再次表明自己申請(qǐng)?jiān)摴ぷ鞯恼\(chéng)意，并可提出要求進(jìn)一步聯(lián)系的途徑，如留下電話號(hào)碼或聯(lián)系地址，還可以主動(dòng)提出接受面試或考核等。另外，信的結(jié)尾處應(yīng)表達(dá)一下希望盡快答復(fù)的心愿。
注意：此文用第一人稱來寫，主體時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
【金點(diǎn)模板】
Dear____________，
I write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in______________(報(bào)紙名稱)of____________(廣告發(fā)布時(shí)間). /I am applying for the position of________________(想申請(qǐng)的職務(wù)) advertised in________________.
I majored in________________(專業(yè)). My training in________________(接受過的培訓(xùn)) definitely meets your qualifications. My complete resume is attached.
I will graduate on________________(畢業(yè)時(shí)間)from________________(畢業(yè)院校). In addition to the required courses of my major, I have________________(除專業(yè)外，選修的課程). I also have some experience in____________(曾有過的社會(huì)工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)). You will find me to be________________(請(qǐng)對(duì)方對(duì)自己有信心).
May I have a personal interview at your convenience?
I can be reached by telephone. / If you need to know more about me, please feel free to contact me at any time at________________(電話號(hào)碼)．
Thank you for considering my application, and I am looking forward to meeting you.
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
【范文點(diǎn)評(píng)】
Dear manager，
①I learned from the newspaper that your company wanted to hire an English translator.②I’m interested in this job very much because I have been dreaming of being a translator.
Now I’d like to introduce myself to you.My name is Li Ping.I’m a young man of 30, 180 cm tall and healthy.In my spare time I enjoy swimming, dancing and singing.
③After graduation from Beijing Normal University in 2000 as one of the most excellent students, I went to work as an English teacher in Nantong High School for three years.Since 2003, I’ve been working in Suzhou High School.
④During my teaching career, I have made a lot of friends in various fields and developed profound friendship with each other.I’m proficient in English and I’ve translated many Chinese books into English.⑤My spoken English is especially good and my foreign friends often praise me for my accent.
⑥I do hope that my qualifications and experiences meet your demands.If so, please write a letter to me or phone me.I live at No.1 Renmin Road, Suzhou City.My phone number is 05128765432.
⑦I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours truly，
Li Ping
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
①I learned from the newspaper交代信息來源。
②dream of doing sth.用得恰到好處，表明求職的誠(chéng)意。
③該處as one of the most excellent students突出自己的優(yōu)勢(shì)；after引出時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，使句式更多樣化。
④介紹個(gè)人工作經(jīng)歷，并根據(jù)所申請(qǐng)工作的特點(diǎn)，突出自己善于交際的能力。
⑤通過適當(dāng)?shù)靥砑蛹?xì)節(jié)，說明自己擅長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)。
⑥用助動(dòng)詞do表強(qiáng)調(diào)，充分表現(xiàn)出想得到這份工作的急迫心情。
⑦以書信中的常用句式收尾，規(guī)范得體。
【類題嘗試】
閱讀下面一則廣告，按要求完成寫作任務(wù)。
EIL International English Summer Camp
Volunteer Wanted
EIL was founded in Britain in 1936 with the fundamental aim of international understanding “Learn to live together by living together”．
Requirements：Over 16；good knowledge of English；outgoing；working well with children between 7～12
Activities：Language study, outdoor recreation and travel
Campers ：Students from different countries
Campsite: Mount Wuyi, Fujian
Time: July 26～August 9
Application deadline: July 15, 2010
If interested, please email to info@ eiluk.org
假設(shè)你是李華，這則廣告引起了你的興趣，請(qǐng)用英文寫一封自薦信。要點(diǎn)如下：
1．對(duì)夏令營(yíng)主題的理解；
2．根據(jù)招聘要求自我介紹；
3．參加夏令營(yíng)的目的。
注意：1.信的開頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)；
2．詞數(shù)100左右。
Dear Sir，
I’m Li Hua from Fujian.______________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
I am looking forward to your early reply.
Sincerely yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear Sir，
I’m Li Hua from Fujian.When I was reading the advertisement, the aim of this activity impressed me greatly.I think it instructive to learn to live together by living together.It is a good opportunity for the only child like me to learn to share and work together.Therefore I recommend myself to you without hesitation.
As a boy of 17, I am outgoing, good at English and have experience of working well with children aged from 7 to 12.I think it is a kind of winwin activity.For one thing, I can help take care of the children.For another thing, I can improve my English, make more friends, and enrich my life during the summer vacation.
I am looking forward to your early reply.
Sincerely yours，
Li Hua
（小周）