Wu Xiangming
1. show sb. sth. ; show sth. to sb. show sb. how to do sth.
show sb. in / out / to the room
常見的雙賓語及物動(dòng)詞有buy, cook, give, make, pass, show, teach, tell等。
(1) show sb. around (round)(帶領(lǐng)…到處看看) I will show you around our school.
(2) show off（炫耀） She wants to show off, you know.
(3) ( be ) on show （展出,陳列出來）His pictures are on show in London this month.
2. the chemistry lab , the physics lab
the language lab (外語等)電化教學(xué)館;語言實(shí)驗(yàn)室 a science lab ; a private lab
3. Have you been in this lab before ?
have been in (住過,呆過) have been to (到過,去過)
He has been to Beijing several times. He has been in Beijing several years.
4. first of all : in the 1st place ( in time, order, etc.) 意為“首先”，作狀語，修飾全句。
First of all let me say how glad I am to be here.
I will first of all, tell you how to do the experiment.
First of all, watch carefully what I'm going to do .
at first : at the beginning (開始,起初)
5. not ... without ... (雙重否定) Fish can not live without water.
There is no smoke without fire. (無火不起煙,無風(fēng)不起浪)
6. allow
(1)You can't stand by and allow such a thing .
They do not allow smoking in the meeting-room.
No, that's not allowed.( 跟代詞、名詞或動(dòng)名詞)
(2) Allow me to introduce myself, please. You are not allowed to smoke here.
Are we allowed to use the basin by the side of the cup-board?(allow sb. to do sth. )
7. once 意為“一旦”，從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。
(1) conj. Once you begin, you can't stop. Once you're finished, go to bed.
(2) adv. We're allowed to go home once a week. ( once , twice , three times , ... )
Once there lived a fisherman by the sea.
a. You must finish the work at once. (immediately)
b. All at once (Suddenly ), she turned round all at once.
c. They go out together once in a while ( from time to time; now and then ;
but not very often.)
d. Let me hear you sing once again (/once more) (one more time).( 再一次)
e. Once upon a time ( some time ago ) there was an honest little boy named Tom.
8. Do what he or she tells you to do. what : 所…的事(/物),所…的人,所…的.這是一個(gè)帶賓語從句的祈使句，what he or she tells you to do 是賓語從句
(1) Our school is no longer what it was 3 years ago.
(2)That girl is no longer what she used to be.
(3)What I say is true.(主語從句)
(4)That's what I hope.(表語從句)
(5)As a friend of yours, I want to tell you what I hear. (賓語從句)
(6)I agree with what Tom has said.(介賓從句)
(7)What surprised me most was that I saw some students were swimming in the river.
9. Follow your teacher's instructions. follow v.
(1)( to come or go after ) 跟隨 He followed his mother up the stairs.
(2) ( to go in the same direction as, continue along ) 沿著(走)
Follow this road until you get to the cinema; then turn left.
(3) 接著發(fā)生,跟著到來 Spring follows winter.
May is followed by June. Disease often follows war.
(4) ( to accept and act according to ) 遵循,依照…行事
follow one's order(/advice /opinion /suggestion)
(5) ( to understand clearly )聽懂,理解
(6) He spoke so fast that I couldn't follow him (/ what he said. )
Can you follow me?
(7) He followed his sister’s example and went to college.(學(xué)習(xí)…的榜樣)
(8) in the following year= next year
10. Don't touch anything unless your teacher tells you to. (=Don't touch anything if your teacher doesn't tell you to. )
(1)unless=if…not
I'll be back tomorrow unless there's heavy snow.(if there isn't heavy snow.)
Stay home unless I phone.( … if I do not phone.)
I won't write to him if he doesn't write to me first.
(2) "to"是不定式符號,后面省略了動(dòng)詞"touch",以避免不必要的重復(fù),但是 "to"通常不省略.
My parents hoped I would study chemistry, but I didn't want to (study chemistry).
I think he should tidy the lab, but you can't force him to.
-Would you like to go out for a walk with us? -I'd like to.
11.make/carry out/do an experiment(in chemistry)做實(shí)驗(yàn)
learn sth. by experiment 由實(shí)驗(yàn)而學(xué)得某事
We can learn by experiment that oil and water will not mix.
12.How/What about…? 是詢問對方情況，征求對方意見，提出建議時(shí)的用語。
What about a cup of coffee?
What about going out for a walk?
What about when we leave? (=What should we do when we leave?)
What about next?
13.make sure 設(shè)法做到,弄肯定.
①make sure: I think there is a train at 10:40,but you'd better make sure.
②make sure to do sth. Make sure to turn off the radio before you go out.
③make sure that-clause Please make sure that the exercises are finished in class.
④make sure of… Have you made sure of the times of the trains?
14.turn off the electricity/lights (turn on)
shut the windows lock the door;
15.by the side of…(by one's side) The child stood by the side of his mother.
on the other side of… There is a bus stop on the other side of the street.
There're marry green trees on both sides of the street.
16.Please tidy the lab. tidy: make … neat(/in good order)
17.How did the students feel after they tasted the mixture?
The mixture tasted terrible.
(1)link-v. The meat tastes delicious(terrible).
The kind of apples tastes good and sells well.
(2)vt. The cook tastes everything to see if it is right.
(feel, smell, look, sound, be…)
She is smelling the flowers.
The flowers smell sweet.
The doctor was feeling the boy's arm to see whether the bone was broken.
Silk feels soft and smooth.
18.…but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
(1)have a way of doing sth.
to do sth.
There was only one way of doing (to do) the work properly.
(2)make one's classes lively and interesting
Our English teacher always tries his best to make his classes lively and interesting.
19.…the teacher brought out three bottles.
After a few seconds, he took his finger out.
20.One was filled with petrol,…
He then filled a cup with some of the petrol,…
The boy filled the bottle with water.
The bottle was filled with water. The bottle was full of water.
21.dip…into
( 1 ) to put ( sth.) in /into a liquid for a moment
He then dipped it into the cup.
Each student dipped a finger into the mixture and sucked it.
He dipped the pen into ink.
( 2 ) to put one’s hand into ( a place ) and take sth. Out
He dipped his hand into his pocket to get his key out.
dip into sth. : to read or study for a short time ( 翻閱，瀏覽 )
I haven’t read the book properly --- I’ve only dipped into it.
22.Instead of smiling, each of them made a face. ( in place of )
(1)跟名詞或代詞: I have come instead of my brother .
(2)跟動(dòng)名詞: Instead of going to New York, we went to Washington.
(3)跟介詞短語: They went there on foot instead of by bus.
instead
If Harry is not well enough to go with you ,take me instead.
He didn't give me any money; instead he gave me some advice.
He gave me some advice instead(of money).
23.…none of you watched carefully enough.
(1)none(…中)沒有一個(gè)(人)/(物) none of the books none of my friends
-How many books are on the table?
-None.
"none of…"可用在用句子的開頭,當(dāng)其與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞可以是單數(shù),也可是復(fù)數(shù).在側(cè)重表示"所有的(人)都不…"時(shí),多用復(fù)數(shù)形式;在表示"其中一個(gè)也不…"時(shí),用單數(shù)形式多些. None of them are /is interested in chemistry.
I didn't spend any of his money . I spent ______ ______ his money.
(他的錢我一個(gè)銅板也沒花.)
(2)careful enough; carefully enough; play enough (adv.)
time enough; enough time (adj.) Enough is enough. I have enough to do (/eat) (n.)
-What about another cup of coffee? -That's enough. Thank you.
24.…but the finger I put into my mouth was not the one I had dipped into the cup.
但是放進(jìn)嘴里的那個(gè)手指并不是我伸進(jìn)杯子里的那個(gè).
25.As the students watched him quietly, he mixed the three together.
Remember, you must do everything as I do .
It was Paul's first important lesson as a student of chemistry….
as:(1)(引起時(shí)間狀語從句)在…的時(shí)候,當(dāng):
Scott became nervous as he saw her face.
(2)(引起原因狀語從句)因?yàn)?由于:
As all the seats were full, he stood up.
(3)(引起方式狀語從句)依照,按照,如,像:
When at Rome do as the Romans do.(入鄉(xiāng)隨俗)
I have changed it as you suggested.
You should do as the teacher tells you to.
(4)作為: She is well-known as an excellent dancer.
26.remember,forget to do sth.
doing sth.
Please remember to post the letter for me.
I remember posting the letter for him.
He forgot to bring the book to me.
I'll never forget visiting London for the first time.
27.Your friend is coming to stay in your house for one week while you and your family are away on holiday.
(1)表示將來時(shí)態(tài)的幾種方式:
a. A new master will come tomorrow.
b. They're going to watch TV this evening.
c. He is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.
(come, go, start, begin, leave, return,…)
d. ---When does the train arrive? ---It arrives at 12:00.
e. We are to meet at the station at 4.p.m.
f. The film is about to begin.
(2)while:
a. You like sport, while (but, whereas)I'd rather read.
b. Please don't talk so loud while(when) others are working.
(3)on holiday I was on holiday when Jack came to see me.
holiday: a.節(jié)日,假日
Christmas is a holiday for everybody.
(作定語) Everybody was in his holiday clothes.
b.假期
I hope you'll have a pleasant holiday. They are going to France for a holiday.
直接引語和間接引語（1）
直接引語如果是祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，要將祈使句中的動(dòng)詞原形變成不定式，并在不定式前面加上動(dòng)詞ask/tell/order等詞，其句型是：ask/tell/order sb．（not）to do sth．。
如果直接引語中的祈使句是表示請求的口氣，則間接引語用ask；如果祈使句是表示命令的口氣，則間接引語用tell/order；如果祈使句是否定式，則不定式前要加not，即not to do sth．。例如：
“Open your books and turn to Page 65，please，”the teacher said．
→The teacher asked us to open our books and turn to Page 65．
“Make sure the door is shut，”she said to him．
→She told him to make sure the door is shut．
“Don’t smoke in public，”I said to them．
→I ordered/asked them not to smoke in public．