現在完成時及其考點

考點一：考查基本概念

例 Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .（呼和浩特）

Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know

　　簡析：現在完成時主要強調過去發生的動作對現在造成的影響，或過去發生的動作還未結束，一直持續到現在或將來，重點在于對現在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無時間狀語，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側根據上下文分析、推理，正確答案是Ｂ。

考點二：考查時間狀語

　例1. He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?

　　Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still

　例2. Have you met Mr Li ______？

　　Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago

　例3. The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .

　　Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written

　例4.-Our country ______ a lot so far .　-Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .

　　Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good

　　Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better

　例5. Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .

　　Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying

　例6. We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .

　　Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew

　例7. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .

　　Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see

　　簡析：現在完成時的時間狀語常有如下四類：

　　⑴現在完成時常與already（已經），just（剛剛，正好），ever（曾經），never（從來，也不；從不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等連用。故例1應選B；例2應選C。

　　⑵現在完成時常與recently（近來），so far（到目前為止），in the past/“last + 一段時間”等時間狀語連用。因為上述短語表示的是從現在起往前推算的一段時間，句中的動作是從過去某一時間或時刻開始持續到現在的。故例3應選D，例4應選C。

　　⑶現在完成時時常與“for +時間段或since +過去時間點”連用（含從句，從句過去時）。故例5應選C，例6應選C。

　　⑷現在完成時還與once（一次），twice（兩次），three times（三次），several times（幾次）等表示重復次數的詞語連用。故例7應選B。

考點三：考查與一般過去時的區別

例1. -These farmers have been to the United States .

-Really ? When _____ there ?

　　Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go

　　Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone

　例2.-______ you ___ your homework yet ? -Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .

　　Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished

　　Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish

　　簡析：現在完成時與一般過去時容易混淆，就是因為它們所表示的動作都發生在過去，但二者又有區別：一般過去時表示過去某個時間發生的事、存在的狀態或經常發生的動作，說話的側重點在于陳述一件過去的事情，與現在沒有關系；現在完成時表示與現在有關系的發生在過去的動作，它不與表示過去的時間狀語（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）連用。故例１、２的正確答案皆為B。

考點四：考查非延續性動詞的用法

　例1. His father ______ the Party since 1978 .

　　Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in

　例2.-Do you know him well ?

　　- Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .

　　Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made

　例3.-How long have you ____ here ?-About two months .

　　Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived

　例4. Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .

　　Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun

　　Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. began

　例5. His uncle died two years ago .（改變句子，句意不變）

　　His uncle has _______ for two years

　例6. Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句）

　　Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .

　例7. It _____ ten years since he left the army .

　　Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was

　　簡析：現在完成時中，非延續性動詞不能與for和since引導的表示一段時間的狀語連用，通常是用相應的延續性動詞來代替。常用的非延續性動詞及替代形式如下：

close-→be closed, put on→wear , open-→be open

get up-→be up, finish/end-→be over , lose-→be lost ,

marry-→be married(to), fall asleep/ go to sleep -→be asleep ( sleep ) ,

get to know-→ know　　 come/arrive-→be here/in ,

come/get back-→be back , go/leave-be away , become -→be ,

borrow -→keep , buy-→have , begin/start-→be on ,

die-→be dead , join-→be in/be a ember of．．． ,

catch a cold-→ have a cold等，

故例1、2、3、4的正確答案依次為：D、B、A、C。例5應填been dead 。其次，可以用相應的延續性動詞的過去時表示，故例6應填joined；ago。再次，還可用“It is + 一段時間＋since從句”來表示，故例７應選A。

考點五：考查詞組have/has been in / to與have/has gone to的區別

　例1. Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .

　　Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been

　例2. My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .

　　Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to

　　Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ.have been

　　簡析：“have/has gone to + 地點”表示“某人去了某地（還未回來）”，指主語所指的人不在這兒。“have/has been in + 地點”表示“在某地呆了多長時間”，常與表示時間的狀語連用。“have/has been to +地點”表示“曾經去過某地（但現在已不在那兒）。”故例1、2的正確答案皆為A。

責任編輯：李芳芳