高一年級第一學期
1、lonely adj。
（1）--unhappy because one is alone or without friends孤獨的，寂寞的；當lonely作此解時在句中可用作表語或定語。
e.g. When his wife died, he felt very lonely. 妻子去世后，他感到很孤獨。（作表語）
The old man lives a lonely life. 這位老人過著寂寞的生活。（作定語）
（2）--（of places） without people; not often visited; （指地點）荒涼的。
e.g. The strange man lives in a lonely house in the village. 那個古怪的人住在鄉間一幢荒涼的房子里。
注意：lonely 與alone是有區別的。Alone作形容詞時通常表示“獨自的”、“單獨的”，在句中只作表語。而lonely則表示主觀上感到孤獨、寂寞的一種感情。試比較：
Though I was alone, I was not lonely. 雖然我是獨自一人，但我并不感到孤獨。
2、 after doing sth. 此處after是介詞，與動名詞或動名詞短語連用，在句中作狀語。可相當于連詞after引導的一個時間狀語從句。
e.g. After I finished the homework, I went to bed. 可改寫成：After finishing the homework, I went to bed.
注意：此句式只有當主句和從句用同一個主語時才成立。
3、 change n. --work given to sb. as a duty. 負責；管理
（1） in charge of sth. 負責、掌管（某事）
e.g. Mr. Smith is in charge of the work of our class. 史密斯先生負責我們班的工作。
（2） under / in the charge of sb. 由……管；由……負責
e.g. This ward of the hospital is in the charge of Dr. Green. 醫院的這個病房由格林先生負責。
4、 at the end of 在……的最后（結尾），在……的盡頭（末端）
e.g. At the end of this mouth we are going to have an outing. 本月底我們打算作一次遠足。
試比較：by the end of 在……結束時；到……末為止
How many English words had you learned by the end of last term? 到上學期末，你們學了多少英語單詞？
in the end --at last; finally最后、終于
e.g. In the end he found what he wanted.終于他找到了他所要的東西。
5、 different from…與……不同；different in在……不同
e.g. Saying a thing is quite different from doing it. 說一件事和做一件事大不一樣。
He is a different man from what he was 10 years ago. 與十年前的他相比，他是另外一個人了。
6、 a little; a lot 能起副作用，在句中作狀語，表示程度；亦可用以修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級。
e.g. I am - I think - a little afraid of you. 我想，我有點兒怕你。（作狀語，修飾形容詞afraid）
Edison had read a lot before he was taken out of school.愛迪生在退學前已看了很多書。（作狀語）
The teacher told me to speak a little louder. 老師叫我大聲點兒講。（修飾副詞的比較級louder）
The boy is feeling a lot better today. 這男孩今天感到身體好多了。（修飾形容詞well的比較級better, a lot在此處同much）
7、 be fond of -- like; be full of love for喜歡；愛
（1） 后跟名詞或代詞：
e.g. I am fond of music. 我喜歡音樂。
（2） 后跟動名詞：
e.g. We found out that he was very fond of you. 事實上，他很喜歡你。
8、 catch sb. around the neck 勾住……的脖子
e.g. The drowning boy caught John around the neek to swim back to the bank. 那個溺水的男孩勾住約翰的脖子游回岸邊去。
此類短語有catch sb. by the arm 等
e.g. The policeman caught him by the arm. 警察拉住了他的胳膊。
John hit him in the face. 約翰打了他的臉。
The stone hit me on the head. 石頭擊中我的頭部。
注意：此類短語中，身體的某一部位前須用定冠詞the。
9、 助動詞do, (does) 和did用在肯定句中表示強調，作“的確”、“確實”講
e.g. If you do know the answer, say it in a loud enough voice so that all the class may hear. 如果你確實知道這個答案，就用足夠大的聲音來回答，使全班同學都能聽到。
注意：助動詞do 還可用在祈使句中，表示強調，作“一定”、“千萬”講。
e.g. Do write to us as soon as you get to America.你一到美國一定要給我們來信。
10、 reach v.
（1） vt. -- get to, arrive in (at) 到達，抵達；達到
e.g. We had one km to go to reach the nearest railway station. 我們得步行一公里才能抵達最近的火車站。
（2） vt. -- put one’s hand out and touch sth. 伸手及到
e.g. The girl is not tall enough to reach the apple on the table. 這個女孩不夠高，夠不著桌上的那個蘋果。
（3） vt. --（of things or places）to be big enough to touch; stretch out as far as （事物）大得足以及到；（地方）達到，延伸
e.g. The ladder won’t quite reach (as far as) the top of the monument. 這梯子很難夠著那座碑的頂部。
11、 Fear
（1） n. -- the feeling that one has when danger is near; the feeling that sth. (usu. unpleasant) is likely to happen 害怕；恐懼；擔心
e.g. I couldn’t move because of fear. 我嚇得不能動彈。
（2） 用于短語in fear驚恐的，介詞短語作狀語，用以修飾動詞，表示伴隨狀態。
e.g. She stood there in fear and didn’t know what to do. 她驚恐地站在那兒，不知該怎么辦。
類似的介詞短語還有in a hurry急匆匆地；in surprise驚訝地；in a loud (low) voice 大（低）聲地等。
（3） vt. -- be afraid of 懼怕；害怕
e.g. There is nothing to fear in the world. 世界上沒有什么可懼怕的事情。
（4） 其形容詞為：
fearful - afraid 害怕的；
fearless - without fear 無畏的；不怕的
e.g. Joe Hill was a fearless fighter. 喬希爾是個大無畏的戰士。
12、 ask about; ask after; ask for
（1） ask about -- inquire about sb. / sth. 詢問、打聽（某人或某事的情況）
e.g. The pilot asked about the weather conditions. 那位飛行員打聽天氣的情況。
（2） ask after (sb.) 問候；問好
e.g. I met George on my way home yesterday and he asked after you. 昨天我在回家的路上遇見喬治，他問候你。
（3） ask for請求；向……要
e.g. Did anyone ask for me? 有人來找過我嗎？
13、 My trousers need shortening.我的褲子需要改短。
此句中need是實義動詞，作“需要”講，后接動名詞，和主語間有動賓關系，主動形式表示被動。此結構和need后接動詞不定式的被動形式含義相同，即也可用My trousers need to be shortened. 表示。
14、 mind v. 介意；在乎；反對，當動詞mind為此意時常用在疑問、否定或條件句中。
e.g. I don’t mind the cold weather. 我不在乎這樣的冷天。
注意：此句式中，mind后只接動名詞，表示請求。與Please turn down the radio for a little.含義相近。
e.g. Do you mind if I smoke here? 我在此抽煙你不反對嗎？
注意：此句中也可用Would you mind my (me) smoking here? 表示，意義相近，以征求對方的意見或許可。
15、 run (ran, run) vi.
（1）-- to continue in operation, performance, etc. （工作等）進行情況；（演出等）持續；（合同等）有效期（多久）。
e.g. Is everything running well in your office? 工作順利嗎？
（2）-- to move on one’s legs at a speed faster than walking 跑；奔跑。
e.g. Several children are running about on the sand. 好幾個孩子在沙灘上到處奔跑。
（3）（車輛等）行駛。
e.g. The buses run until after twelve. 那些公共汽車一直行駛到12點以后。
（4）-- to cause to work or be in operation （機器）運轉；（鐘表）走動。
e.g. Does your watch run well? 你的表走得準嗎？
16、Look forward to 盼望；希望（注意此短語中的to 是介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞。）
e.g. The children are looking forward to the coming Christmas Day. 孩子們期盼著即將來臨的圣誕節。
17、 because of -- by the reason of 由于；因為。此介詞短語后一般接名詞，在句中作狀語，相當于連詞because引導的原因狀語從句。
e.g. He couldn’t walk so fast as the others because of his wounded leg. (= because his leg was wounded.) 由于一條腿受了傷，他不能與其他人走得一樣快。
18、 begin with 以……開始；以……作為開端
e.g. The concert began with the National Anthem. 這場音樂會以奏國歌開場。
注：與此短語相對的是end with, 意思是“以……結束”；“以……結尾”。
注意短語to begin with作“首先”解。試比較：
We can’t go. To begin with, it's too cold. Besides, we have no money. 我們不能去，首先是天氣太冷，再者我們沒有錢。
19、 divide…into…把……分成……；be divided into分成；劃分成。
e.g. We divided ourselves into two groups and then began the game. 我們分成2個組，就開始比賽了。
20、 future
（1）n. -- time yet to come 將來；未來；今后
1） in future -- from now on 從今以后
e.g. You’d better be more careful with your spelling in future. 今后在拼寫方面你最好更仔細些。
2） in the future將來；未來
e.g. No one knows what the computers will be like in the future. 沒人知道在將來計算機會是怎樣的。
（2）n. --（expected or planned for）a person’s life in time yet to come. 前途，前景
He really had great future. 他的確有個光輝的前景。
（3） adj. 將來的；未來的
e.g. Keep it for future use. 把它保存好，以備后用。
21、 cause
（1） vt. -- make sth. happen 使發生；引起；給……帶來
e.g. His illness caused him to miss the game. 他的病使他錯過了這場比賽。
（2） n. -- a person, thing or event that makes sth. happen 原因；起因
e.g. The cause of the fire is carelessness. 這場火災是粗心引起的。
注意：cause 作名詞時，亦可作“原因”講，但和reason略有區別。試比較：
The cause of the accident was that he was driving too fast. 事故的原因是他車開得太快。（指引起事故的起因）
The reason why he was driving so fast was that he was late for an important meeting. 他車開得如此快的原因是一個重要會議他要遲到了。（為某行為作解釋）
22、 be ready （ready是形容詞，用作表語。）
（1）--be prepared and fit （for use）準備好
e.g. Are you ready for the trip? 你作好旅行準備了嗎？
（2）be willing (to do sth.)樂意、愿意（做某事）
e.g. He is ready to help his friends. 他總是樂意幫助別人。
（3） 易于；動輒
e.g. Some students are ready to give up when they meet with anything difficult in their studies.一些學生在學習上遇到困難時就輕易放棄了。
23、 （1）unexpected adj. -- 意外的；未預料到的；其反義詞是expected，意為可預料的。
e.g. Something unexpected happened on my way to school yesterday. 昨天在我去學校途中發生了一件意外之事。
That must be expected. 那應該是可預料到的。
（2）expect vt. -- think (that someone will come or sth. will happen) 預期；期待；指望。
e.g. Our parents are always expecting too much of us. 我們的父母對我們總是期望過高。（后接名詞或代詞）
We expect to make a success this year. 我們指望今年獲得成功。（后接動詞不定式）
I expect that he will come to our party tonight. 我指望今晚他能出席我們的晚會。（后接that 從句）
在口語中作“以為”、“料想”解。
e.g. “Will he be late?”“他會不會遲到？”
“I expect so.” or “I don’t expect so.” “我想他會的。”或“我想他不會的。”
24、 value; price
（1） value n. -- worthy of sth. in money when compared with sth. else（與它物比較時的）價值
e.g. Most parents know the value of a good education. 大多數父母都知道接受良好教育的重要性。
其形容詞為：
valuable -- of great value 寶貴的；很有價值的
valueless -- without value 不值錢的
The book written by Lu Xun are valuable. 魯迅先生寫的書很有價值。
This necklace is completely valueless. 這串項鏈根本不值錢。
注意：此兩形容詞的拼寫：前者加后綴-able時去e, 而后者則不。
（2） price n. - money paid to buy sth. 價格
e.g. House price are going up (rising) / falling. 房價在上漲 / 下跌。
注意：price只能用high 和low修飾，不能expensive 或cheap。試比較：
The price of the flower is high. 那花的價格很高。
The flower is expensive. 那花很貴。
其形容詞為priceless--of very great value; 貴重的；無價的；注意其義與valueless全然不同。
（3） value和 price兩詞的含義不同。試比較：
I know the real value of this modern painting but its price is not high now. 我知道這幅現代畫的真正價值，但現在它的價格并不貴。
25、 at all
（1）根本；全然 此短語一般用在否定句中，以加強語氣。
e.g. I’m not tired at all. 我一點兒也不累。
（2）not at all單獨用在答語中表示“一點也不”或“不用謝”等。“I am sorry to trouble you”，“Not at all.”（“沒關系”。）“Thank you for your help，”“Not at all.”（“不用謝。”）
（3）at all有時也用在肯定句中。但此類句子往往帶有不肯定的意思。
e.g. I was surprised at his coming at all. 我很奇怪，他竟然來了。（原以為他不會來的）
26、 …better than any other …此句型是比較級中用以表示最高級含義的，意為“……比其它任何……都……”例如：
He is taller than any other student in his class. 他比班上任何別的學生都高。（意指他是班上最高的學生。與He is the tallest student in his class. 含義相同。）此意還可以其它比較方式表示。
e.g. He is taller than anyof the others / other students in his class.
He is taller than anyone else in his class.
注意易犯的錯誤，如：He is taller than any students / anyone in his class. 此類句式表示他可能不屬此班。
27、 lead vt. (led; led; )
（1） 領導：In 1915, Joe Hill led a strike in Salt Lake City. 1915年，喬希爾在鹽湖城領導了一場罷工。
（2） 引導；帶領；The blind man was led to cross the street by a pioneer. 那位盲人由一個少先隊員領著穿過馬路。
（3） lead to--be a way、path or road to … 通向
e.g. His hard work leads to great success. 他的勤奮使他獲得了極大的成功。
（4） leader n. 領導人；走在前頭的人。
28、 miss vt.
（1） miss sb. 思念、想念（某人）
e.g. You can’t imagine how I missed the boy. 你難以想象我是多么思念那個男孩。
（2） --not hit沒擊中（目標）
e.g. The falling stone missed my head. 那塊落石沒打中我的頭。
（3） --not catch the bus / train…沒趕上車/火車…
e.g. It was my fault that they had missed the train. 他們沒趕上火車是我的過失。
（4） --not attend (the lecture) …沒出席、誤了（講座等）
e.g. I’m really sorry to have to miss the lecture. 不能聽那個講座，我實在遺憾。
（5） 迷失；丟失
e.g. Ask her to look again and see if she’s missed anything else. 讓她再找找看，是否丟失了別的東西。
（6） missing adj. 丟失的；缺掉的
e.g. Your key is missing, isn’t it? 你的鑰匙不見了，是嗎？
29、 even though (even if) 意為“即使”、“盡管”在復合句中引導讓步狀語從句。
e.g. Even though their native language is not English, many classes are taught in English. 盡管他們的本國語并不是英語，然而許多課還是用英語教的。
30、 have trouble with sth. / sb.
（1）（在應付……中）有困難。作此意時，短語中的trouble同difficulty.
e.g. Did you have any trouble with the work? 做那項工作你有困難嗎？
（2）有……病痛
e.g. The woman went to see the doctor because she had trouble with her heart. 那位女士昨天去看醫生了。因為她心臟有病。
（3）have trouble (difficulty) in doing sth. 做……有困難，費事。此短語中的介詞的可以省略。
e.g. The old woman had trouble in reading the letter. 那位老婦人看這封信有困難。
31、 （1）amusing adj. -causing laughter or smiles 好笑的；有趣的。
e.g. He told an amusing story to break the ice. 他講了個有趣的故事以打破僵局。
amusing 是由動詞amuse加后綴ing構成，類似的形容詞還有surprising, exciting, interesting, tiring等。
（2）amuse vt.
1）--make time pass pleasantly 使快樂amuse oneself with sth. or by doing sth. 以……自娛 / 消遣。
e.g. He amused himself with books. 他以書消遣。
2）--make sb. laugh or smile 使…發笑
e.g. We were all amused by the story-teller’s jokes. 我們都被那個故事員的笑話逗笑了。
3） amusement n. 娛樂活動
e.g. There were not many amusements in the small town. 這個小鎮上娛樂活動不多。
32、 rather adv.
（1） 副詞rather與形容詞連用時，可放在不定冠詞之前或之后；放在定冠詞之后；也可與副詞、介詞等連用。表示“相當”、“頗”、“有點兒”之意。
e.g. It’s rather a hot day today. （或It’s a rather hot day today. ）今天是相當熱的一天。
The rather strong man who is talking with our headmaster is a football player. 在和我們校長講話的那個相當健壯的人是個足球運動員。（放在定冠詞之后）
It’s rather like a snake. 它頗像蛇。（與介詞連用）
（2） --more willingly 寧可；寧愿。作此意時與would連用，后跟動詞原形。
e.g. She thought she would rather rather not go to the cinema last night.
33、 no wonder (that) …此句型中no wonder 作“怪不得”或“難怪”講，后接that 從句。
e.g. He works hard. No wonder he has got an “A” in English again. 他學習很努力，怪不得他英語測驗又得了“A”。
34、 invite vt.
（1） invite sb. to dinner / tea / the party --邀請某人去參加晚宴 / 喝茶 / 晚會（此處to 是介詞）
e.g. I was invited to dinner party by the Smiths. 史密斯夫婦邀請我參加他們的宴會。
（2） invite sb. to do sth. 邀請某人做某事
e.g. The pianist was invted to give a piano concert next month. 這位鋼琴家被邀請下月舉辦一個鋼琴演奏會。
35、 （1）allow vt. --let sb. do sth. 允許；許可
e.g. You cannot stand by and allow such a thing. 你不能袖手旁觀，聽任此種事情發生。
（2）allow sb. to do sth. 允許、讓（某人）做某事。
e.g. They asked to be allowed to see the patient. 他們請求獲準見見那位病人。
36、 used to （過去）常，經常，是情態動詞，只有過去式，表示過去存在的，但現在已停止的情況或習慣。后接不定式。
e.g. He used to play cards. 此句意為“他過去常打牌”。（But now he doesn’t play cards.）
此情態動詞的否定句和疑問句有兩種構成法：
1） 借用助動詞did
e.g. He did not use to swim in winter.（否定句）
Did he use to swim in winter? （一般疑問句）
He used to swim in winter, didn’t he? （反意疑問句）
2） 不用助動詞did；否定式是used not to或use(d)n’t，上例句子同樣可以寫成：
He used not to swim in winter.
Used he to swim in winter?
He used to swim in winter, use(d)n’t he?
3） 在there be結構中
There used to be a river here. 過去這兒有條河。（肯定句）
Used there to be a river here? （一般疑問句）
There used to be a river here, use(d)n’t there? （或didn’t there?）
37、 belong to
（1）--be the property of 屬于（某人）、成為（某人）…（之財產）。
e.g. These books belong to the old man. 這些書是那位老人的。
注意：belong to sb.不用作被動語態。
（2）--be a member of …為…之一員；已加入。
e.g. What club do you belong to? 你是哪個俱樂部的會員？
38、 pretend假裝
（1） vt. 后面可接動詞不定式或that從句。
e.g. He pretended to be ill. 同He pretended that he was ill. 他裝病。
He pretended that he did not understand what I meant. 他假裝不明白我的意思。
同He pretended not to understand what I meant.
The girl pretended that she was reading. 那個女孩假裝在看書。
同The girl pretended that she was reading.
The an pretended to have done the work himself.
同：The man pretended that he had done the work himself. 那人裝作他自己做了那項工作。
（2） vi.
e.g. Leave her alone. She isn’t really crying; she is only pretending. 別管她。她不是真哭，是假裝的。
39、 form
（1）n.--(of) a kind 種類；類型
e.g. I like any form of exercise. 我喜歡任何形式的運動。
（2）n. 格式；表格
e.g. Please fill in this form, giving your name, age and address. 請在這份表格內填上你的姓名，年齡和地址。
（3） vt. --to take or make into a shape 形成
e.g. The little girl formed the clay into a bird. 小女孩把粘土捏成一只小鳥。
（4） vi. --to (cause to ) come into being產生；組成
e.g. A plan began to form in his mind. 一個計劃在他腦中形成。
40、 It’s better (for sb.) to do sth. 此句型用以建議某人最好（做）……。it 是形式主語，真正的主語是不定式。其意與sb. had better do sth. 的句型相近。
e.g. It’s better (for you) to have a rest（同You’d better have a rest.）. You look so tired. 你顯得如此疲乏，最好休息一下。
41、 主 + find + it + 形容詞（名詞）+ to do sth. 這是個含有復合賓語的句式。句中it是動詞find的賓語，與后面的形容詞一起構成復合賓語。而真正的賓語是不定式或that引導的賓語從句。
e.g. We’ll find it important to keep the balance of nature. 我們會發現保持生態平衡是重要的。（不定式作賓語）
含有此類句型的動詞有think, make等。
e.g. We want to make it clear to the public that the dustmen’s job is necessary. 我們要使公眾明白，清運工們的工作是不可少的。（that從句作賓語）
42、 ahead of --in front of
（1） 在…前面：There is a bright future ahead of us. 在我們前面有著光明的未來。
（2） 比…早：Betty left on day ahead of us. 貝蒂比我們早一天離開。
（3） be ahead of 比…強；勝過
e.g. Mary is ahead of all the other girls in her class in English.瑪麗的英語比她班上其他女生強。
43、 …a box with a lot of food in it. 這是一個由介詞with + 賓語 + 介詞短語結構，在句中可用作定語，修飾名詞或用作狀語，表示伴隨情況，修飾謂語動詞。
e.g. We saw a small river with red flowers and green grass on both sides. 我們看到一條小河，兩岸長著紅花綠草。（作定語，修飾名詞river）
The boy rushed into the classroom with a football under his arm.那個男孩腋下夾著個足球，沖進了教室。（作狀語，修飾謂語動詞rushed）
44、 continue v.
（1） vt. --go on doing sth. 繼續（做某事）
1） They deciede to continue the football match. 他們決定繼續進行足球比賽。（后接名詞）
The story will be continued in next issue. 這故事將在下一期里繼續登載。（可用于被動語態）
2） 動詞continue后面可接動詞不定式或動名詞做賓語（意義上無甚區別）
e.g. They continued to climb / climbing the mountain though it was raining. 雖然天在下雨，但他們繼續爬山。
（2） vi.--go on happening繼續；延續。
e.g. How far does this railway line continue? 這條鐵路線全長多少？
45、 So do I. 與Neither / Nor do I. 這是一種倒裝結構，表示“……也……”之意。其結構是：
肯定：So + be / have / (do, will, can等助動詞或情態動詞) + 主語
否定：Neither / Nor + be / have / (do, will, can等助動詞或情態動詞) + 主語
e.g. He is a basketball fan. So am I. （同：I am a basketball fan, too.）他是個籃球迷，我也是。
Mary doesn’t like swimming. Neither / Nor do I. （同：I don’t like swimming, either.）
46、 強調句型It is / was + 被強調部分 + who / that + 其它部分
此句型中，被強調部分常是句中的主語、賓語或狀語。被強調部分指人時，用who或that皆可；指事物或情況時，則用that。應注意：
（1） 若被強調部分是時間狀語或地點狀語，不能用when或where, 而用that。
（2） 被強調的代詞的格應與原句的格一致。例如
1） 原句：You are wrong.
It is you who are wrong. （強調主語you）
2） 原句：I first met him here a year ago.
It was here that I first met him a year ago. （強調地點狀語here）
It was a year ago that I first met him here. （強調時間狀語a year ago）
47、 develop v.
（1） vt. --發展；養成；形成；培養
e.g. He developed an interest in science. 他培養了對科學的興趣。
（2） vi. --發展；開發；形成
e.g. A child’s mind and body won’t develop properly if he doesn’t play. 一個孩子如不玩耍，他的身心將不能得到正常發展。
（3） developing countries發展中國家
（4） development n. 發展
e.g. Scientists study the development of animal life. 科學家們研究動物生活的發展情況。
48、 learn; learn about
（1） learn vt.--聽到；獲悉；得知
e.g. I’ve learned that he will take part in the school sports meet next month. 我得知他下個月將參加校運動會。
（2） learn about--了解到或聽到……（消息或情況）
e.g. How did you learn about our physics contest? 你是怎樣了解到有關我們物理競賽的情況的？
高一年級第二學期
1、type: [C] a particular kind, class, or group; group or class of people or things very like each
other 型，式，型號
kind: [C] race, natural group（自然界的）種，類
DIS：kind, type:
Kind 表示完全是同一類的東西，而type常用來表示同一類型，型號的意思：blood of the same type 同血型；different types of cars 不同型號的汽車
Fish and birds are of different kinds of animals 魚和鳥是不同類的動物。
2、resistant:
be resistant to 中，to 是介詞，不是不定式的符號，其名詞形式后也跟介詞to。
There was still considerable resistance in him to recounting the full details of his miserable past.他仍然不愿把他悲慘的過去詳細地講出來。
3、CF: cost, spend:
都可以表示“花費…（金錢）”：The book cost me $10. = I spent $10 on the book.
買這本書我花了十美元。
Spend可以表示“用了……(時間) ”：They spent the rest of the morning wandering in the street.
上午的其余時間他們在街上閑逛。
4、DIS: cloth, cloths, clothing
cloth 作不可數名詞時，泛指布或一類布：
It will take three yards of cloth to make a suit for you. 你做一套衣服得用三碼布。
作可數名詞時，指某一特定用途的一塊布：
The woman cleaned the floor with an old cloth. 那位婦女用一塊舊布擦地板。
Clothes復數形式，意為衣服，suits, coats, shirts, dresses等統稱為clothes:
The little boy went to church in his best clothes. 那個小男孩穿著盛裝上教堂。
Clothes 不與數詞連用。Clothing 是集合名詞，不可數，意為服裝，是包括鞋帽襪等的衣著的總稱，好多情況下可與clothes 替換：People in Europe wear warm clothing / clothes in winter. 冬天歐洲人穿暖和的衣服。幾件衣服要出售。一套衣服只能說a suit of clothes 不可說a suit of clothing.
5、instead of -- in place of 代替
e.g. Shall we have tea instead of coffee after lunch? 午飯后我們不喝咖啡，喝茶好嗎？
CF: instead of, instead
Instead 只能單獨使用，可置于句首或句尾；用于句首，起承上啟下的作用，在句尾時，常用于兩個各自獨立的句子，并列句或帶有各類狀語從句的復合句中。
e.g. He won’t go to the concert. Instead, he’ll go to the cinema. 他不會去聽音樂會的，相反，他要去看電影。
6、as well as: not only… but also… besides 除……之外也
as well as 與as well
as well as 不但…而且…
The factory manufactures tractors as well as trucks. 這家廠不但生產部門卡車也生產拖拉機。
as well as 作“不但…而且…”解時，與“not only… but also”側重點不同。前者強調前面部分，后者強調but also 后的部分。
as well 同樣的，也
We should study hard and keep fit as well. 我們應該努力學習，而且應該保持健康。
as well 的意義與also或too 相同，一般用于肯定句，常可替換，通常放在句末。
7、be made of: 在制成成品后，材料本身性質并不發生變化，成品中仍能看出原材料。
如wood, iron, stone, cotton, silk 等，有時可指若干種成份構成的混合物。
The Great Pyramid is made of huge stones. 大金字塔是由巨大石塊砌成的。
8、be made from 某材料制成成品后，原料的性質通常已發生變化，成品中已看不出原料
是什么。
Glass is made from sand and lime. 玻璃是砂子和石灰煉成的。
9、be made in 由…制造
These machines were made in China.這些機器由中國制造。
10、hold up: stop, delay 阻止，阻塞
11、be worried about: 動詞形式worry about
12、will be without = will not have
13、 with the rise of …隨著……的提高在句中通常作伴隨或方式狀語。
e.g. With the rise of supermarkets and shopping centres, Chinese society has changed a lot. 隨著超級市場和購物中心，中國社會起了很大變化。
類似的搭配還有：with the help of ……在……幫助下；with the development of ……隨著……的發展；with the change of ……隨著……的變化
e.g. With the development of modern industry, more and more waste is produced. 隨著現代工業的發展，愈來愈多的廢物也產生了。
14、 the number of ……數量為……
要注意與a number of 的區別。試比較：
The number of the students in this school is over one thousand. 這所學校學生的數量超過了1千。
A number of students are standing outside the classroom. 許多學生站在教室外面。
注意：the number of表示“…的數量”，of與后面的名詞復數構成介詞短語作定語，修飾the number。作主語時，謂語動詞是單數形式；a number of表示“若干，不少，很多，”是一個作定語修飾可數名詞復數的詞組，故謂語動詞通常是復數形式。
15、⑴enough: n.[U] (quantity or number) as great as is needed (數量或數目)足夠，充分
e.g. Enough has been said on his subject. 關于這個問題說得已夠多了。
△ [USAGE: 作名詞用時enough的句型為：~ of the /this/that/his etc. + noun (for sb. or for sb. to do sth. ): Have you had ~ of this TV programme yet?這個電視節目你看夠了嗎? Will ￡5 be ~ for you ( to cover journey) ? 五英鎊夠你（旅行）用嗎？
I have had ~ of your grumbling and groaning. 我已聽夠你的抱怨和牢騷了。]
⑵ enough: adj. as many or as much as necessary 足夠的，充分的：
e.g. There is enough food for ten people.有足夠十人吃的食物。
△ [USAGE：①無比較級和最高級②enough 可以置于復數名詞或不可數名詞的前面或后面，但置于前面更常見：We have ~ time to do the work.我們有足夠的時間做這工作。]
⑶ enough: adv. to the righ or necessary degree 足夠地，充分的：
e.g. The book is easy ~ for me to read. (= This book is so easy that I can read it.)
這本書很容易讀，我可以看懂。
△ [USAGE：①置于形容詞、副詞或分詞之后：I was foolish ~ to believe her.我相信了她，真是夠傻的了。②cannot do ~ (= cannot do too) 即使…也不嫌過分： You can never be careful ~. 你怎么小心也不過分（越小心越好）。③well ~, not very but only; 還好，還可以：He swims well ~ but he would swim very well if he tried harder. 他游泳游得相待好，不過再努力點會游得更好。]
16、more than = over: He is more than fifty. = He is over fifty.
17、make arrangements 作安排：I’ll make arrangements for a car to meet you at the airport.我將安排一輛汽車去機場接你。
18、give one’s advice on (about) sth. 對……提出建議
on (about) 后面也可跟不定式，但不定式前必須有疑問詞
what to eat
advice on (about) how to do it
when to set out
where to spend our holiday
19、 link v. 證明是，原來是，結果是
Prove e.g. A rumour does not always ~ (to be) a fact.傳聞弄到最后不一定是事實。
Vt. 跟名詞，跟從句，跟復合結構
e.g. These facts prove the truth of his words. 這些事實證明他的話是正確的。
20、try out 試用，考驗，試驗：I’m going to try the new car out. 我去試一下新車。
21、dream of (doing sth. 或sth. ) 夢想，幻想，向往
that
22、ever since 從那時起直至今日，此后一直
23、be on fire 著火了
24、deserve: vt. , vi. be worthy of; be fit for應該得到
e.g. “You’ve been working all morning. You ~ a rest.”
“你已干了整整一個上午。你應該休息一下。”
[USAGE：① deserve不用進行時。詞組be deserving of … 值得…, 應受到…中的deserving是adj. ② deserve后面通常接不定式： He deserves to be punished. 他理應受到懲罰。有時可接形式上主動而意念上是被動的動名詞：The old man deserves looking after. 那個老漢應得到照顧。③ deserve 后面有時接以that 引起的賓語從句，從句里用should: Does he ~ that you should treat him like this? 他值得你這樣對待他嗎？]
△ [V&C：V ~ first prize 應得一等獎 ~ the praise 應受到表揚 ~ punishment 應受到懲罰 MN a deserved honour 應得的榮譽 a deserved punishment 應受的懲罰 a deserving student 值得獎勵的學生 OC ~ well of 應受 …的獎賞，有功于 ~ ill of 應受…的懲罰，有罪于]
△ S earn, win
△ D deserving adj. 該受的，值得…的，n. 功過，賞罰 deservedly adv. 理所當然地，應得的。
25、fellow: n. ①[C] man or boy家伙；小伙子
e.g. He’s a pleasant ~ . 他是個和氣的人。
poor ~ 可憐的家伙 my dear ~ 老兄，老朋友
②[C] ( usually pl.) comrade, companion 同伴，同事
e.g. school fellows 同學 fellows in misery 共患難的伙伴
fellow: adj. another(of two or mare things or people like oneself) 同類的，同等的
e.g. a ~ creature 同類，同胞 a ~ soldier 戰友 a ~ traveller 旅伴
~ feeling 同情
26、pretty: adj. ①pleasing and attractive 漂亮的，精致的：He has a ~ daughter.他有個可愛的女兒。She looks prettier with long hair.她留長發看起來更加漂亮。
②considerable in amount or extent 相當多的，相待大的：
e.g. It will cost you a ~ penny. 它會花費你不少錢。
pretty: adv. fairly, moderately but not completely 相當地，頗：
e.g. It’s ~ clod outdoors today. 今天室外很冷。
27、while: n. a length of time, esp. a short one 一會兒，一段時間：
e.g. Just wait for a ~ and then I’ll help you. 稍等一會兒，我就來幫你。
while:①during the time that; for as long as; at the same time as 當…的時候，在
…之時，和…同時：
e.g. He fell asleep ~ (he was) doing his English exercises. 他在做英文練習的時候睡著了。While there is life there is hope. 只要有生命就有希望。
②（implying a contrast）whereas (含相對之意)而，卻，其實，反之：
e.g. One lost a leg, another an arm, ~ a third was killed. 一個人失去一條腿，另一個丟了一條胳膊，第三個人被殺了。
③(implying a concession) although (含有讓步之意) 雖然:
e.g. While respected, he is not liked. 他雖受人尊敬，但并不被人喜愛。
28、lesson: n. [C] ①period of time a pupil or class studies a subject, esp. as one of
many such periods課，課程：
e.g. Each history ~ lasts 40 minutes. 每節歷史課持續40分鐘。
②something, such as a warning example or experience, from
which one should learn 教訓:
e.g. That accident taught me a ~. 那次事給了我一次教訓。
29、ignorance: n. [U] ①lack of knowledge 無知，愚昧
e.g. Some species have been wiped out through ~.
有些物種由于人們的無知而滅絕了。
②unaware, without knowing 不知：
e.g. We’re in complete ~ of/about his plans to go abroad.
我們完全不知道他的出國計劃。
ignore: v. vt. take no notice of, refuse to take notice of 不理，不顧，忽視：
e.g. You’d better ~ the rude woman, or she’ll make more trouble.
你最好別理睬那潑婦，否則她會制造更多的麻煩。
[USAGE: ~ sth. 是假裝不知道或假裝未見：She saw him coming but she ignored him. 她看見他走來，但沒有理睬他。而be ignorant of sth. 則是“不知道某事”：He was ignorant of the fact. 他不知道這個事實。]
30、Don’t mention it. 不用謝，不要這樣說，哪里哪里（客套話）。是對別人感謝的有禮貌而文雅的答復。
31、think nothing of it. 不用謝，沒關系
32、I am glad to have been of help.我很高興我能幫助你。
33、take advantage of 利用（時機，他人的無知、弱點等）
e.g. He took advantage of her kindness. 他利用了她的善良。
34、as a result 結果，因此
e.g. Harold was fond of gambling, as a result, he lost almost all his money. 哈羅德嗜賭的結果是幾乎輸掉了所有的錢。
35、pretty soon = very soon
36、make off 走開，逃走；突然離開（尤其做錯事后）
37、leave…alone 別惹，不管，撇下……一個人
38、learn a good lesson 得到了一個很好的教訓
39、in one’s turn 輪到某人也（做某事），也
40、in turn 輪流地，挨個
41、outdoor: adj. -- done or used outside a house 戶外的，用于戶外的
indoor (反義詞)--done or used inside a house 戶內的，用于戶內的
這兩個形容詞都僅作定語用
⑴outdoor / indoor sports 室外/室內運動
⑵outdoor / indoor photography 室外/室內攝影
outdoors adv. --outside 戶外，在戶外
indoors (反義詞)--inside 室內，在室內，在句中作地點狀語。
e.g. Children like playing games outdoors on fine days.
好天氣時，孩子們喜歡在室外做游戲。
42、⑴have trouble with sth or sb.
① have trouble with + 身體的某一部分 ……有毛病；……痛
have trouble with one’s teeth 牙痛
② have trouble with sb 應付……有困難；同……鬧糾紛；跟……有了點麻煩：This was the first time I had serious trouble with an employer. 這是我第一次與一個雇主之間游樂大的麻煩。
③ have trouble with sth. 做某事有難處
I hope you won’t have any trouble with the work. 我希望你在做這項工作中沒有任何麻煩。
⑵have trouble (in) doing sth
也可說have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有麻煩、有困難
trouble, difficulty 在此都作不可數名詞
例如：Did you have much trouble getting tickets for the opera?
你購買這個歌劇的票子很困難嗎？
43、as well as:
⑴等于besides 除……外，還……；不但……而且…… 連接兩個并列成份
e.g. John can speak Chinese as well as French. 約翰不但會講法語還會講中文。
⑵連接兩個主語，謂語動詞根據前者來定。
Not only…but also 兩個主語根據鄰近的主語而定。
e.g. The teacher as well as the students has visited the museum.
那位老師和學生都曾參觀過那個博物館。
44、add to: v.+ prep. increase 增加：
e.g. This added to your difficulties. 這增添了你們的困難。
45、filled these requirements 滿足這些要求
也可說answer these requirements
meet these requirements
satisfy these requirements
46、regret: v.
⑴跟名詞或代詞：He regretted his decision. 他后悔他的決定。
⑵跟從句：I ~ that I shall not be able to come. 我很遺憾我不能來。
⑶跟動名詞：He regretted being unable to help us.
他為不能幫助我們而感到抱歉。
⑷跟不定式：（指對發生的事表示“抱歉”，“遺憾”）遺憾地（說，告訴等）
I ~ to say that I can not go with you. 很遺憾我不能和你一起去。
n.
⑴遺憾、懊悔（不可數）：I felt no ~ for it. 這件事我不覺得后悔。
注：有時用復數形式表示“遺憾”、“歉意”
Please accept my regrets. 請接受我的歉意。
⑵感到遺憾的事：
His ~ was that he had never learned German. 他遺憾的是他從未學過德語。
regrettable: adj. 值得遺憾，令人遺憾
47、object: v. ①vi. be against, feel dislike反對，不喜歡
②vt.（…that）give as an objection (接從句) 提出…作為反對的理由，反對說
USAGE：n.
⑴物件，東西（可數）
What objects do you see in the picture?在這畫中你看見什么物體？
⑵目標，目的（可數）
What is his ~ in doing that?他這么做的目的是什么？
⑶賓語
The receiver of these actions is called the ~. 這些行為的接受者稱為賓語。
vi. & vt.
⑴與to 連用：
a) 跟名詞：
No one ~ to the idea. 沒有人反對這意見。
b) 跟動名詞：
Do you ~ to smoking?你反對吸煙嗎？
⑵跟不定式：（非正式體）
Would you ~ to let him go?你反對他去嗎？
objection n. 反對（不可數）反對理由（可數）
I’m sure she will have no ~. 我確信她不會反對。
48、arrange: ①vi. make planes in advance; see to the details of sth.預做計劃，籌
備，安排細節：I can’t ~ for everything. 不能一切都靠著我辦。
②vi. come to an agreement 約定，商定：
e.g. Shall we ~ about the meeting?我們協商一下那個會議怎么樣？
③vt. put in order安排，排列，布置，整理：
e.g. She arranged flowers well. 她插花插得好。
④vt. adapt 改編：
e.g. They are arranging a novel for the stage.
他們在把一本小說改編成劇本。
△ [USAGE：arrange 的常用結構為① ~ to do sth. 安排做某事② ~ for sb. to do sth.安排某人做某事③ ~ + that 引導的從句]
49、 desire: vt. long for; wish; have a desire for渴望
e.g. He doesn’t desire fame. 他不求名。
⑵跟不定式：She had never desired to do anything like it. 她從不期望做那樣的事。
⑶跟從句：I desire that you shall be there. 我希望你去那里。
⑷跟由動詞不定式構成的復合結構：I desire you to go at once. 我希望你立即去。
50、turn to: v. +prep. ①go to someone for help 求助于：The child turned to its mother for help. 這孩子找他媽媽幫忙。②change to 變成：Blue turns to green when you mix it with yellow. 藍顏色調上黃顏色就會變成綠顏色。③take a different course or direction towards 轉向：The main road turns sharply to the left. 大路向左急轉彎。
51、help out: 幫助某人克服困難，尤其是在對方急需時的暫時幫忙。
Please help me out with this problem. 請幫我解釋這題目。
52、a store’s throw 一小段距離
53、arrange to do 安排做某事：Martin arranged to meet him next day. 馬丁安排了第二天與他見面。
54、recognize: vt. know again (somebody) or something one has met before) 認出；識別
CF：recognize, know：recognize 是瞬間動詞，表示能認出曾經見過或原來認識的人和物： Do you recognize him? 你認得他是誰嗎？know 是持續性動詞。作“認識”解時，可以表示認識或熟悉某人，也可以是表示認識某人是誰，即可用于人，也可用于物：Do you know him? 你認識他嗎？
55、nearby: adj. near, close by 附近的：
We went to a ~ town. 我們到附近的一個鎮上去了。
[USAGE：(1) 無比較級和最高級。(2) BrE中多用neighbouring替代nearby, 或將nearby放在所形容的名詞之后：a neighbouring village 或a village nearby]
nearby: adv. close by, close at hand 在附近，在手邊：
There is a football match being played ~. 附近正在舉行一場足球比賽。
[USAGE：nearby 用作副詞時多為AmE]
△ A far
near: v. (1) vi. come closer in distance or time (to) 接近：The harvest season nears. 收獲季節快到了。 (2) approach 走近，靠近：The ship was nearing the port. 船正駛近港口。
near: adj. (1) not far, not as much distance 近的，不遠的：Go and pick an apple from the nearest tree. 到最近的樹上去摘蘋果。(2) closer 較近的：He stood on the ~ bank of the river. 他站在較近的河岸上。(3) close in relationship or affection, dear近親的，親密的，親近的：He is a ~ and dear friend. 他是個極親密的朋友。
△[USAGE：①near用作“近的”解釋時，只能作定語形容詞，而且無比較級。②near和close的意義幾乎相同，但在某些短語中不能相互替換：the ~ future不久的將來 the ~ distance近距離 a close friend 親密的朋友]
near: adv. (1) at or within a short distance 附近：He lives quite ~. 他住得很近。
The houses stand ~ to each other. 兩座房子互相靠近。
(2) (of times and seasons) not far off 接近，來臨：
The summer holidays are drawing ~. 暑假快到了。
△[USAGE：①~ at hand = close 臨近：We move to a new house where there are some shops ~ at hand. 我們搬進附近有些商店的新居。②nowhere ~ = not near(ly) / well；away from. 離……很遠：The arrow was nowhere ~ the target. 箭根本沒有射到靶子。③~ upon/on = not far in time from 將近： It was ~ upon/on 2 o’clock. 將近2點鐘。④~ to = almost 幾乎： I came very ~ to hitting him. 我幾乎要揍他。]
near: prep. (1) within a short distance of 近，接近：Near the house stands an old well. 房子附近有一口古井。(2) within a short time of臨近，將近：It is ~ ten o’clock. 幾乎要10點鐘了。(3) within a small amount or degree of 接近（表示程度或數量）：This new freighter is ~ completion. 這艘新貨輪即將完工。
△ [USAGE：① ~ to 用于場所和時間時，著重“向……接近”的意味，此外引伸地表示接近關系或接近程度：Jack is ~ to the minister. 杰克和部長的關系是接近的。]
△ A far from
56、dare: (1) vt. be brave enough to do 敢于（做）
(2) vt. face, take the risk of 敢于面對，敢于嘗試
(3) v. aux. be brave enough to 敢
USAGE：
(1) 作情態動詞：
a) 用于否定句：
e.g. I daren’t have done it yesterday, but I think I dare now. 我昨天不敢做，現在我想我敢了。
b) 用于疑問句及條件從句：
e.g. How dare you ask me such a question?你怎么敢問我這問題？
(2) 作及物動詞：
a) 敢
e.g. I didn’t dare too move. 我不敢動。
b) 敢于面對、敢于嘗試
e.g. He will dare any danger. 他敢于面對危險。
57、favour: n. (1) [C] kind act恩惠；幫助：
I regard this as a very great ~.我把這看成是極大的恩惠。
(2)[U] liking or thinking well of somebody or something喜愛，好感，歡心：The girl did all she could to win her mother’s ~.那個女孩千方百計地討母親的歡心。
(3) [U] unfairly kind treatment to somebody or something 偏愛，偏袒：A teacher should not show too much ~ to on of his students. 教師不應該偏愛某一學生。
(4) [U] encouragement and approval 支持，贊成：They will look with ~ on your plan.他們會以贊賞的態度看待你的計劃。
△ [USAGE：①AmE中拼寫為favor ②在ask sb. a ~ (求某人幫個忙)這一短語中如把間接賓語放到后面時，介詞應該用of，表達成ask a ~ of sb. ；而在do sb. a ~ (幫某人一個忙)中，則表達成do a ~ for sb. ]
favour: vt. (1) show more favour to 偏愛，袒護：Mary is unhappy because her mother favours her brother. 瑪麗感到不高興，因為母親袒護她弟弟。
(2) do something for幫助，為某人做某事：Will you now ~ us with a song? 請你為我們唱首歌好嗎？
(3) believe in (a plan, or idea) 贊成，支持：
Did he ~ your plan? 他贊成你們的計劃嗎？
(4) (of conditions) make possible or easy（指情況）便于，對……有利：
The conditions there all ~ you.那兒的條件都對你有利。
(5) (of a child) look like容貌像：The boy favours his father.那個孩子像他的父親。
[USAGE：favour后不能接雙賓語，不可說：Please ~ me an early reply. 該在“me”后面加上介詞“with”]
58、accomplish: vt. succeed in doing finish successfully, perform 實行；完成
e.g. The builders have accomplished the difficult piece of work.
建設者們已完成了這項困難的工作。
All this was accomplished in a year. 所有這些是雜七雜八一年中完成的。
They didn’t ~ the purpose desired. 他們沒有達到期望的目標。
59、worthwhile: adj. worth doing值得的
（做表語、定語。作定語時常為前置定語）
e.g. The visit to Paris was ~. 去巴黎參觀是值得的。
He thinks teaching foreign languages is a ~ job.
他認為教外語是值得做的工作。
worth (one’s) while（俗）值得，作表語或賓語補足語，作定語時（為后置定語），須放在所修飾名詞的后邊，如果放在前邊，則須用worthwhile.
e.g. It’s not worth your while reading this book. 你不值得讀這本書。
worth: n. [U] value 價值：The ~ of the discovery of that small island wasn’t realized until late in the 1830s.發現那個小島的價值一直到19世紀30年代才被認識。
worth: adj. (1) of the value of值…的，相當于…價值的：
This pen isn’t ~ all the trouble. 這支筆不值那個價。
(2)deserving 值得的：What is ~ doing is ~ doing well.
值得干的就必須干好。
60、prepare: v. -- make ready 準備，籌備
⑴prepare for …做好……準備
Will you help me (to) prepare for the dinner?你能幫我為晚宴做好準備工作嗎？
⑵prepare sb. / oneself to do sth. 讓某人做好……的準備。
He prepared himself to accept the failure. 他做好了失敗的準備。
⑶prepared adj. -- be prepared for…為……作好（思想）準備（系表結構），與be ready for 意義相同，強調事物的狀態。
He was well prepared for the party. 他為晚會做了充分的準備。
61、bother: vt. to cause to be nervous, annoy of trouble, esp. in little ways打擾；煩惱
e.g. I’m busy, don’t bother me. 我正忙著，不要打擾我。
vi. take trouble 麻煩：Don’t bother about getting dinner for me today, I’ll eat at a restaurant in town. 今天不必為我預備晚飯了，我在市里的飯店吃飯。
62、improve: vt. make better改進
e.g. We will use computers to ~ our work. 我們將用計算機來改善我們的工作。
This is not good enough, I want to ~ it. 這還不夠好，我要加以改進。
vi. get better 變得更好：
e.g. His health is improving. = He is improving in health. 他的健康狀況正在好轉。I hope the weather will ~ . 我希望天氣會變好。
63、that is = that is to say
e.g. They left two weeks ago, that is to say, on July 27.
他們兩星期前離開的，也就是說7月27日。
It will also be teaching them to think, that is to say, to think clearly and to think deeply.這將教會他們去思考，也就是說深思熟慮。
64、prevent: vt. keep ( something) from happening or stop ( someone) from doing something阻止；妨礙
[USAGE: 1）prevent … from … 阻止
e.g. The delay prevented your letter from being sent. 這延遲使你的信不能寄出。
I wonder what prevented him from coming. 我不知何事使他不能來。
Bad weather prevented me from my starting. 因天氣不好我不能動身。
2）prevent sb. (one’s) doing sth.
e.g. Who can ~ our getting married now that you are of age?
既然你已成年，誰能阻止我們結婚呢？
prevention: n. 阻止，防止
keep … from … 阻止 stop … from … 阻止
65、suppose: vt. let it be thought that; take it as a fact that假定；猜想
[USAGE：1）想認為、猜測、設想
e.g. He supposed it was too late to change his mind. 他認為要改變主意太晚了。
I don’t supposed I’ll trouble you again. 我猜想我不會再麻煩你了。
2) 假定：
e.g. Suppose your father saw you, what would he say?
假定你父親看見你，他會說什么？
~ a war broke out, what shall we do?假定戰爭爆發，我們該做什么？
3) be supposed to 應，理當
e.g. He is supposed to arrive here at seven. 他應該七點到達這里。
be not supposed to do （口語）不應當
e.g. You are not supposed to smoke on the bus. 你不應該在車上吸煙。
He’s not supposed to do that. 他不應該那樣做。
注：suppose可用來表示一種假想的條件，近似于“if”的意思，這類句子要用虛擬語氣，動詞為過去式。
66、seem: vi. ①give the idea or effect of being, appear似乎
②appear to be true好像
(1) seem 跟不定式：
e.g. I don’t seem to lack anything. 我好像沒有漏什么東西。
He seems to have lost all desire to write. 他似乎已完全失去了寫作的信心。
Several people in the crowd seemed to be fighting.
人群中有幾個人好像在打架。
Something seemed to be wrong with him. 他好像有什么麻煩。
(2) link v. 看來，似乎是（什么樣子）
e.g. He seems quite happy. ( 跟形容詞)他看來很幸福。
Arthur seemed embarrassed by the question. （跟分詞）
亞瑟似乎被這問題卡住了。
She seems an unusually clever girl. (跟名詞)她看來是個不尋常的聰明女孩。
You seem in high spirits, Mary. （跟介詞短語）瑪麗，你似乎情緒很高。
(3) 用于此結構：It seems that … 似乎，仿佛感到（覺得）
e.g. It seems that this big ocean has grown smaller. = This big ocean seems to have
grown smaller. 這海洋仿佛變得小了。
It seemed that he regarded it as a small success. = He seemed to regard it as a small
success. 他似乎把它看作是一個小小的成功。
There seems/seemed (to be) … 好像有，似乎有
e.g. There seemed to be something the matter with her.她似乎有什么事。
There seemed nothing wrong with his feet. 他的腳好像沒有什么。
67、provide: vt. , vi. give things that someone needs供給；提供
1) provide sb. sth.
e.g. The hotel provides good meals. 那家旅館供應優質飯菜。
Tom provided her a pretty hat. 湯姆給他一頂漂亮的帽子。
2) provide sb. with sth.
e.g. The school provides lunches for students who live far a way.
學校給住得遠的學生提供午餐。
Sheep provide us with wool. 羊供給我們羊毛。
3) provide sth. for (to) sb.
e.g. The Red Cross provides food, clothing and medicine for disaster victims.
紅十字會為遇難的人提供食物、衣著、藥品。
I must provide food and clothes for my family. 我必須給家里提供衣食。
68、available: adj. able to be got, used etc. 可取得的；可采用的
e.g. Every bit of ~ equipment was being used to fight the fire.
所有可用以救火的器具都用來救火了。
The washing machine is still available. 這臺洗衣機還能使用。
Tickets for concert are now ~ . 音樂會的票子能夠買到。
All sizes of shirts are ~ in this shop. 這家商店里各種號碼的襯衣都有。
The ticket is ~ for a month. 這個票子有效期為一個月。
69、assure: vt. try to cause (someone) to believe or trust in something, promise, try to
persuade使（某人）相信
USAGE：
(1) assure sb. that…
I ~ them that I’ll do my best. 我向他們保證我們將盡力而為。
The pilot assured us that the plane would land safely in an hour.
飛行員向我們保證，飛機將在一小時后安全著陸。
(2) assure sb. of … 向某人保證……
I ~ you of his honesty. 我向你保證他的誠實。
He assured us of his full support for our plan. 他向我們保證他完全支持我們的計劃。
70、make sure (certain)
(1) make sure / certain 必須做到，一定要做到，使有把握，確定，查明
Make sure he comes at once. 務必叫他馬上來。
Make certain that both doors are locked when you go out.
你出走時，一定要把兩扇門鎖好。
Can you make sure whether he is on our side?你能查一查他是否站在我們一邊嗎？
To make certain you get there in time, I will fetch you in the car.
為了保證你及時來到，我要開車去接你。
(2) make sure of 弄確切，弄清，使肯定
If you want to make sure of a seat you had better book in advance.
如果想肯定弄到一個座位，你最好預先訂購。
Make sure of your facts before you write your report on the life of New York.
在寫紐約生活的報道之前，一定要先弄清事實。