Scientists at work
Teaching goals
1. Talk about science and scientists
2. Practise giving instructions.
3. Discuss and evaluate pros and cons.
4. Study some rules of word formation.
5. Learn to write am argumentative essay
Period 1
Step 1. Learn the words in this unit.
Step 2. Warming up
1. When you are talking about study, almost all of you think that studying can only happen in the classroom, and it only means listening to the teachers’ explanation. But there can be many means to study. For example, studying in the lab, reading books by yourselves and so on.
2. Look at the four pictures in the book and describe what you can see in each picture.
3. What are the names of the school subjects in which you study science? (physics; chemistry and biology)
4. Examples of what you learn in each field of science. (on the screen)
5. When you do experiment in the physics lab or in the chemistry labs or in the biology labs, are there any rules for you to obey? Of course there are a lot. What are these rules? Try to make a list of theses rules.
6. Ask individual student to speak out their rules.
Step 3. Listening
1. First look at the exercises in the book and make a guess. What we are going to hear. The rules in the lab. That is, what the students should do and what they should not do.
2. Tack the answers that Mrs Zhu talks about.
3. Listen once again and answer the questions in Ex 2.
4. Check their answers together first individually and then on the screen.
Step 4. Video show
1. Let the students watch a video about what should be done and what should not.
Step 5 Homework
1. Collect some information about the rules in your physics lab or in your chemistry lab or your biology lab. And write down the rules in your exercises books.
2. Prepare TALKING on page 89.
Period 2
Step 1 Revision
1. The new word in this unit
2. Listen to the students’ rules for the physics, chemistry or biology labs.
Step 2 talking
1. Look at the pictures on the screen and talk about the dos and don’ts in a lab.
2. Talking exercise. Give proper safety instructions according to the various situations in the book.
Step 3 Speaking
1. The dialogue is about the different opinions of the high speed maglev train in Shanghai. What is a maglev train like? Look at some pictures on the screen.
2. Listen to the tape about the dialogue. And learn to talk about advantages and disadvantages of a high-tech.
3. How to talk about advantages and disadvantages? Look at the useful expressions in the book.. Students read the sentences togther.
4. Discuss in groups about the advantages and disadvantages about “cloning; nuclear energy; computers and space flights”.
5. Listen to the students.
Step 4 Homework
1. Oral homework: Prepare a dialogue about advantages and disadvantage of a high-tech, making a debate or argument.
2. Preview the text.
3. Find out some information about Benjamin Franklin and say something about him in the next class.
Period 3
Step 1 Revision
1. Listen to the students’ debates about a certain kind of high-tech, such as cloning, nuclear energy; computer, or space flight.
2. Check the students’ memory about the useful expressions in the book.
Step 2. A Competition
1. Check the students’ common sense about some famous scientists and what inventions did they make.
2. Talk about Benjamin Franklin
Step 3 Reading
1. Fast reading and listening: let the students to read and listen to the tape to decide true or false statements about the text.(on the screen)
2. Skimming: let the student read the text again and find out some details about the text. (on the screen.)
3. Read the text for a third time and choose the best choices. (on the screen).
4. the analyzes of the whole passage
Three parts
Para 1-3: the description of the experiment
When: on a rainy day in June,1752
Where: in a shed in the fields
Who: Franklin and his son
What”: a kite experiment
Why: to prove lightning and electricity are the same
Para 4: the needed materials
A silk handkerchief:
Pieces of light wood: to make a kite to carry the thing
into the sky:
String
A key: to feel the electric shock
Thunderstorm: to produce lightning
A condenser: to collect and store electricity
Para 5-6 the steps of the experiment
Step 1: fix a piece of sharp metal to the kite
Step 2: fasten a key to the end of the string.
Step 3: tie a ribbon to the string
Step 4: fly the kite when a thunderstorm appears.
5. Answer the questions in post reading Ex 2.
Step 4 Homework
1. Read the text and try to retell it.
2. Find out the difficult words and expressions in the text and refer to some reference books.
Period 4
Step 1 Revision
1. Listen to the students’ retelling the text.
2. Dictate some sentences: (one s writes on the Bb)
(1) In the eighteenth century, Benjamin Franklin conducted a number of experiments in which he showed what electricity is.
(2) Having realized that I could use a kite to attract lightning, I decided to do an experiment.
(3) The string was getting charged.
(4) Most kites are made of paper, but a kite made of silk will not tear so soon in weather with rain and strong winds.
(5) Tie the corners of the handkerchief to the points of the cross, and you will have a nice strong kite.
(6) Fix a very sharp piece of metal, pointing a foot or more above the frame, to the top of the longer stick of the cross.
(7) Fly the kite when a thunderstorm appears to be coming on.
Step 2 language points
1. Analyze the above sentences and translate them into Chinese.
2. some words:
(1)successful---- be successful in (doing) sth; succeed in doing sth;
do sth successfully; have success in doing sth
Were you successful in persuading him to change his mind.
He was successful in politics.
He succeeded in getting what he wanted.
(2) conduct----
The waiter conducted the customers to the door.(lead or guide)
Who conducted this concert today? (direct the performance of)
Copper conducts electricity better than other materials.(allow heat or electricity to pass)
The reporter was criticized for his conduct. (behavior)
(3)charge-----
It takes four hours for my cell phone to get charged.(store electricity)
They charged 2000 yuan for the suit, but I can only pay 800 yuan for it.(ask as a price)
The children charged down the stairs. (rush)
He was charged with murder.(accuse sb of sth)
(4) prove----Give proof of; show to be true
He has proved his courage in the battle.
Facts proved that what you said was completely wrong.
It proved that he is a cheat.
He proved himself to be capable.
The report proved (to be) true. (被證明是)
The drug proves helpful.
(5) tear
I tore my shirt on a nail.=A nail tore a hold in my shirt.
She tore the wrapping off the present.
He got so angry that he tore the letter into pieces without finishing reading it.
They are tearing down the old houses to build new buildings.
Her eyes filled with tears.
主動形式表示被動意思； 連用副詞well;easily
sell; wash; write; read; last; tear; wear
The book sells well.
Silk washes easily.
His pen writes smoothly.
Jeans wear/last long/well.
Paper tears easily.
His poems read well.
This kind of cloth wears long.
(6) control
I have no control over him.
Soon the fire spread and got out of control.
He controlled his anger and explain it again patiently.
in control; out of control; under control; lose control of
(7) sense
He has a keen sense of hearing.
She has no sense of humor.
I’m easy to lose my way because I have no sense of direction.
(8)doubt
I doubted my two eyes.
I doubted whether the story was true.
I doubt whether he will appear.
I don’t doubt that we will win the game.
There is no doubt about his ability for the job.
It is beyond doubt that he will help us.
3. Phrases:
(1) in one’s opinion
(2) make use of 利用
(3) a number of 許多
(4) conduct/do//make/try an experiment 作試驗(yàn)
(5) fly a kite 放風(fēng)箏
(6) get /become charged 充電
(7) electric shock 電擊
(8) a great deal of 大量的
(9) tie…to/fasten…to 把…綁在…上
(10) add…to 給…增加
(11) point to 指向 point at 指著
(12) take are 小心
課文疑難解析
1. This new train has no wheels and no engine. 這種新型火車沒有輪子，也沒有發(fā)動機(jī)。（Speaking; page 23）
否定句用and連接時，第二個否定詞no（not /never）等不宜省略。and也可以改為or，但此時一般用前一個否定詞即可。如：
There is no air and no water（= no air or water）on the moon. 月球上沒有空氣，也沒有水。
He never smokes and never drinks.（= He never smokers or drinks.）他從不抽煙，也不喝酒。
2.Here is how he described one of his experiments. 下面是他對自己的一個實(shí)驗(yàn)的描述。（Reading, Paragraph 1 ）
here常位于句首，用于引起對某物或某人的注意或用于把某物給某人，后常接倒裝語序。如：
It’s ten o’clock and here is the news. 現(xiàn)在是十點(diǎn)鐘，下面報道新聞。
Here comes the bus! 公共汽車來啦！
-I left my camera at home. 我把相機(jī)放在家里了。
-Here you are! Use mine. 給你，用我的吧！
3.Having realized that I could use a kite to attract lightening, I decide to do an experiment. 在意識到可以使用風(fēng)箏捕捉閃電之后，我決定做一個試驗(yàn)。（Reading; Paragraph 2）
Having realized that…在這里是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作時間狀語，相當(dāng)于After I had realized that…。注意分詞的邏輯主語應(yīng)與句子的主語保持一致，即realized的主語也是I。如：
Having finished his homework, Jack ran out to play basketball. 做完家庭作業(yè)之后，杰克跑出去打籃球。
Having been given such a good chance, he wouldn’t give it up to others. 大家給了他這么好的一個機(jī)會，他不會把機(jī)會讓給別人。
4. I was beginning to think that the experiment would not work. 我開始認(rèn)為試驗(yàn)可能行不通。(Reading; Paragraph 3)
（1）being to do/doing sth：開始下雨了。
She began learning English five years ago. 她五年前開始學(xué)習(xí)英語。
（2）work: vi.
①工作，從事
She works in a factory. 她在工廠工作。
I spent the whole weekend working in the garden. 我整個周末都在花園里干活。
②（計劃、機(jī)器等）運(yùn)作，進(jìn)行順利
Does this light work? 這盞燈亮嗎？
Your idea won’t work in practice. 你的想法在實(shí)際中行不通。
5. This experiment proves that lightning and electricity are the same. 這個實(shí)驗(yàn)證明了閃電與電是相同的。（Reading, Paragraph 3）
prove意為“證實(shí)；證明”，常用作及物動詞，后接名詞或that從句或復(fù)合賓語；也可用作系動詞，后接形容詞或動詞不定式，意為“證明是；顯示出是”。如：
In order to prove her point, she showed them the latest sales figures. 為了證明她的觀點(diǎn)，她給她們看了最新的銷售數(shù)字。
The fingerprints on the gun proved that she was the murderer. 槍上的指紋證明她就是兇手。
They proved her（to be）guilty. 他們證明她有罪。
6. The string was getting charged！繩子正在被充電！(Reading; Paragraph 3)
（1）get charged意為“被充電”。get在這里是聯(lián)系動詞，作“變得”解，（相當(dāng)于become），表示狀態(tài)的改變，后接形容詞或過去分詞作表語。如：
When I heard what he had said I got very angry. 聽了他所說的話，我非常生氣。
He got drunk, so I sent him home. 他喝醉了，所以我把他送回家。
He always got lost in the forest. 他總是在森林中迷路。
In the crowd I got separated from my family. 在人群中，我和家人失散了。
（2）charge:
①charge for要價、收費(fèi)
How much do you charge for a double room? 雙人間你們收費(fèi)多少？
This shop doesn’t charge for delivery. 這家商店不收送貨費(fèi)。
②charge with控告，指控
He was charged with stealing the jewels. 他被指控偷竊珠寶。
A man has been charged in connection with the murder. 有一個人因與謀殺案有牽連而被控告。
③充電
If the red light comes on, it means the battery isn’t charging. 如果紅燈亮，就表示電池沒有充電。
Don’t forget to charge the car battery. 別忘了給汽車電池充電。
7. The pieces should be just long enough to reach the corners of the handkerchief. 兩片木條的長度可以到達(dá)手帕的四角。(Reading; Paragraph 4)
句中的enough是副詞，它可以修飾一個形容詞或副詞表示程度，其后常接一個不定式或for+名詞作結(jié)果狀語。
The room is large enough for us to live in. 這房子大到夠我們都能住得進(jìn)。
Five boxes of apples is enough for the camp. 五箱蘋果足夠野營食用。
enough可作形容詞、名詞用，修飾名詞時，可置于名詞前，也可置于名詞后。
He has barely enough money to live on. 他的錢僅夠糊口。
In the fall they had money enough for Jurgis and Ona to be married. 那年秋天，他們有足夠的錢可讓朱吉斯與奧娜結(jié)婚了。
特別提醒 can not…enough這一句型表達(dá)肯定含義，即“怎么……也不過分”。如：We can not be thankful enough to our Party. 我們對黨感激不盡。
8. This ribbon, which mustn’t get wet, will protect you from the electricity. 這條絲帶千萬不能弄濕，它可以保護(hù)你不被電擊。(Reading; Paragraph 5)
（1）which mustn’t get wet是一個非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞ribbon。
非限制性定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系不密切，只是起到補(bǔ)充說明的作用，刪掉后不影響整個句子的意思及表達(dá)，非限制性定語從句一般用逗號與主句隔開，關(guān)系代詞不能省略，that不能用在非限制性定語從句中，which作關(guān)系代詞時，既可以代替某一個先行詞，又可以代替整個主句。如：
Mary, who has been here for about an hour, wants to ask you for some advice. 瑪麗已經(jīng)來了大約一個小時，她想向你尋求一些建議。
The old lady has two daughters, both of whom have become famous doctors. 這個老婦人有兩個女兒，都已成為著名的醫(yī)生。
He made another discovery, which I think is of great importance to science of our country. 他又有了一項(xiàng)新發(fā)現(xiàn)，我認(rèn)為這對我國的科學(xué)非常重要。
He retired to his home town after 30 years, where he grew up as a child. 三十年后，他返回了自己的家鄉(xiāng)，他小時候在那兒長大。
（2）protect…from：防衛(wèi)。
The vegetables were well protected from the cold. 這些蔬菜受到良好保護(hù)而未受凍。
9.The key tied to the string was put into the door to stop the kite from flying away. 綁在麻線上的鑰匙插到門里以防止風(fēng)箏飛走。(post-reading; Page 25 )
stop…from：阻止……做某事
They ought to stop the rich from robbing the poor. 他們應(yīng)當(dāng)不讓富人再掠奪窮人。
What can stop us from doing so if we want to? 如果我們要這樣做，有什么能阻擋我們嗎？
特別提醒 在主動語態(tài)句中，from可省。如：Nothing is ever going to stop them talking. 什么也不能阻止他們談話。（被動句中from不能省去）
10. There is no doubt that 100 years ago animal testing was cruel but today animals in experiments are very well taken care of. 毫無疑問，100年前的動物測試是殘酷的，但今天試驗(yàn)中的動物受到了很好的照料。（integrating skills; Page 27）
（1）There is no doubt that…：毫無疑問……
（2）句中that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句是對名詞doubt的解釋說明。許多抽象名詞之后可以使用that從句。如：
The news that he had not pass the exam depressed him a lot. 沒有通過考試的消息讓他很沮喪。
They did not believe the report that the area was dangerous. 他們不相信這一地區(qū)有危險的報導(dǎo)。
Period 6
Step I Lead-in
Have you done the experiment in biology lab?
Have you seen some animals are used for experiments?
T say to Ss: today we will read a short passage about animal experiment.
Step II Reading
1. Let Ss read the passage carefully and let them make a list of animals used for experiments
(mice, rats, rabbits, cats, dogs, monkeys, sheep,etc)
2. Get Ss to work in groups and discuss how these products are tested on animals and what the effects may be on the animals.
3. T ask Ss: Is AIDS（艾滋病） dangerous and terrible? Is SARS（薩斯） fearful for people? And what about bird flu(禽流感)? Can we cure all the diseases if the people had not been tested on animals? How do you feel about animal experiments?
Step III Writing
T help Ss to understand the persuasive essay
Let Ss write their composition individually.
Step IV Checkpoint
Revise the useful expressions, language points and grammar in this unit
Period 7
Step 1 Revision
1. Have a dictation:
1) British law says that every new drug must be tested on at least two kinds of animals, such as mice or dogs.
2) Scientists say that if a medicine works with animals, there is a very high chance that it also works with people.
3) There is no doubt that 1000 years ago animal testing was cruel but today animals in experiments are very well taken care of.
Step 2 A debate
Pros: We should test medicine on animals.
Cons: We should not test medicine on animals.
Step 3 Writing
1. Tips: How to write an argumentative essay.
2. Show a sample for writing.
Step 4: Homework:
Write an essay about animal testing. Remember to choose a title for your essay. Do as the tips tell you to.