§2.1 詞句貫通
1.pay back償還；報(bào)答；報(bào)復(fù)
Can you lend me some money? I’ll pay you back tomorrow.
你能借給我一些錢嗎？我明天就還你。
He paid me back the 100 dollars he owed me.
他把欠我的100美元還給我了。
He paid the money back soon after he got a well-paid job.
他找到高薪工作后，很快就把錢還給了我。
Susan doesn’t know how to pay him back for his help.
蘇珊得到他的幫助，不知如何報(bào)答。
He paid me back by not coming.
他沒(méi)來(lái)，以示對(duì)我的報(bào)復(fù)。
2.mercy n.仁慈，憐憫，寬恕；僥幸，幸運(yùn)
The general showed no mercy,and his prisoners were all killed.
那位將軍沒(méi)有仁慈，他所有的犯人都被處死了。
It’s a mercy that the accident happened so close to the hospital.
很僥幸，這次事故發(fā)生在離醫(yī)院不遠(yuǎn)處。
have mercy on/upon sb.;show mercy to sb.
寬恕、憐憫某人
They have no mercy on the poor father and daughter.
他們不憐憫這對(duì)可憐的父女。
Have mercy on me,please.
請(qǐng)寬恕我吧。
beg for mercy 乞求/請(qǐng)求寬恕
He went down on his knees and begged for mercy.
他跪下來(lái)，乞求寬恕。
at the mercy of “任由……擺布，在……掌握中”
I shouldn’t like to be at the mercy of such a cruel man.
我不想任由這個(gè)殘忍的家伙擺布。
They were lost at sea,at the mercy of the winds and waves.
他們?cè)诤Ｉ厦允Я朔较颍斡娠L(fēng)浪擺布。
We were at the mercy of the enemy.
我們的命運(yùn)在敵人的掌握中。
3.envy vt.羨慕，妒忌
What a grand thing it is to be a musician! How I envy you.
當(dāng)一名音樂(lè)家有多偉大啊!我真羨慕你。
envy后常接雙賓語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成envy sb. sth.“忌妒某人的……，羨慕某人的……”。
I envy you your health.
我羨慕你的健康。
I envied him his experience.
我羨慕他的豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
I don’t envy you your journey in this bad weather.
我不羨慕你的旅行，天氣這么不好。
How I envy you your talent!
我真是羨慕你的才能喲!
4.tear up撕毀；取消
John tore up his test paper so that his father wouldn’t see his low grade.
約翰撕毀了他的試卷，生怕他爸爸看到他得了那么低的分?jǐn)?shù)。
She tore up the letter angrily and threw it into the dustbin.
她氣憤地撕毀了那封信，把它扔進(jìn)了垃圾箱。
They tore up the agreement without any reason.
他們無(wú)緣無(wú)故地取消了那份協(xié)議。
5.swear v.發(fā)誓；宣誓；斷言；保證
They swore eternal friendship.
他們發(fā)誓友情不渝。
He swore never to drink.
他發(fā)誓絕不再喝酒。
He swore to tell us the truth.
他發(fā)誓給我們說(shuō)實(shí)話。
He swore to be faithful to us.
他發(fā)誓效忠我們。
He swore his story was true.
他發(fā)誓他所講的是真實(shí)的。
I swear that you are wrong.
我斷言你錯(cuò)了。
swear to having done sth.
發(fā)誓說(shuō)做過(guò)某事，堅(jiān)持說(shuō)做過(guò)某事
He swore to having been there then.
他發(fā)誓說(shuō)當(dāng)時(shí)他在那里。
I swore to having paid for the goods.
我發(fā)誓說(shuō)已付了貨款。
6.declare vt.宣布；聲明
The new government declared a state of war with Germany.
新政府宣布與德國(guó)處于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)狀態(tài)。
Jones was declared the winner of the match.
瓊斯被宣布是這場(chǎng)比賽的勝者。
India declared her independence in 1947.
1947年印度宣布獨(dú)立。
She declared that she didn’t want to see him again.
她聲明她再也不想見(jiàn)他。
The Chinese government declared that Taiwan is part of China.
中國(guó)政府聲明，臺(tái)灣是中國(guó)的一部分。
declare sb./sth.(to be)…“宣布成為……；聲明是……
He declared himself to be a member of their Party.
他宣布加入他們的黨派。
His actions declared him to be an honest man.
他的行為表明他是個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。
7.court n.法庭，法院；開(kāi)庭；球場(chǎng)
The court found him guilty.
法庭發(fā)現(xiàn)他有罪。
The prisoner was brought to court for trial.
那個(gè)犯人被帶上法庭接受審判。
The case was settled out of court.
該案件在庭外解決了。
Several cases await trial at the next court.
下次開(kāi)庭有幾個(gè)案件等著審判。
He met her at the tennis court.
他在網(wǎng)球場(chǎng)見(jiàn)到了她。
Are all the players on court yet?
所有球員都到場(chǎng)地了嗎？
take sb.to court 對(duì)某人起訴，控告
She decided to take him to court.
她決定控告他。
注：court很多情況下不加冠詞。
8.murder vt.謀殺；殺害
He murdered the old woman for her money.
他殺害了那位老婦人以獲取她的錢財(cái)。
He murdered his rival in cold blood.
他殘忍地殺害了他的對(duì)手。
Gandhi was murdered by an Indian who opposed his views.
甘地被一位反對(duì)他的主張的印度人所殺害。
murder n.謀殺；兇殺；兇殺案
a case of murder一起兇殺案
an attempted murder殺人未遂
commit murder犯殺人罪
She cried,“Murder!”她大喊：“殺人了!”
He was convicted of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment.
他承認(rèn)殺人，被判終身監(jiān)禁。
There were three murders in one month.
一個(gè)月之內(nèi)發(fā)生了三起兇殺案。
The number of murders is rising in San Francisco.
在舊金山，兇殺案的數(shù)量在不斷增加。
9.immediately adv.立刻；馬上
He came home immediately after work.
他一下班就馬上回家。
I wrote back to her immediately.
我立刻給她寫了回信。
immediately conj.一……就……
Immediately he came home,I told him about that.
他一回家，我就告訴他那件事了。
She recognized me immediately she saw me.
她一看到我就認(rèn)出了我。
I left immediately the clock struck twelve.
12點(diǎn)的鐘聲一響我就離開(kāi)了。
10.conflict n.沖突；戰(zhàn)斗
Nations must not settle their differences by armed conflicts.
各國(guó)不應(yīng)通過(guò)武裝沖突解決國(guó)家之間的分歧。
There is no conflict between church and state in Britain now.
在英國(guó)教堂與政府之間已不存在矛盾。
You should avoid conflict with your neighbors.
你應(yīng)避免與鄰居爭(zhēng)執(zhí)。
come into conflict with與……沖突；與……有矛盾
The two sides came into conflict last week,causing 5 people dead and many injured.
雙方上周發(fā)生了沖突，造成5人死亡，多人受傷。
The husband often comes into conflict with his wife.
這位丈夫經(jīng)常與妻子發(fā)生矛盾。
in conflict with與……沖突；與……有矛盾
My interests are in conflict with theirs.
我的利益與他們的沖突。
His words are in conflict with his actions.
他的言行不一致。
§2.2 發(fā)散思維
1.as far as
①到某一指定地點(diǎn)；遠(yuǎn)達(dá)
He walked as far as the post office.
他一直步行到郵局。
I’ll see you off as far as the airport.
我將一直送你到飛機(jī)場(chǎng)。
②同樣的距離
We didn’t go as far as others.
我們沒(méi)有別人走的那樣遠(yuǎn)。
③(程度，范圍)就……而言；至于，盡……
As far as I know,he isn’t coming to the party.
就我所知，他不會(huì)來(lái)參加這次聚會(huì)。
I’ll help you as far as I can.
我將盡我所能幫助你。
This is as far as we go.
我們到達(dá)終點(diǎn)了。
as/so far as…be concerned就……而言
As far as I am concerned,I cannot object to your marriage.
就我個(gè)人而言，我不反對(duì)你們的婚事。
As far as he is concerned,he can’t afford such an expensive car.
就他而言，他買不起這么貴的汽車。
2.order vt.命令；下令
order后可接名詞作賓語(yǔ)。
The chairman ordered silence.
主席要求大家安靜。
order sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事
The policeman ordered the drunken man leave the shop.
警察命令那個(gè)醉漢離開(kāi)商店。
The doctor ordered me to take a rest for a week.
醫(yī)生指示我要我休息一周。
She ordered the baggage to be brought to her room.
她吩咐把行李搬進(jìn)她的房間。
order后可接that從句，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should+v.”形式，should可省略。
The king ordered that the man be released.
國(guó)王下令釋放那個(gè)人。
The officer ordered that the guns be fired.
軍官下令開(kāi)炮。
order有時(shí)可與某些副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)連用。
He ordered me away.他命令我走開(kāi)。
The father ordered his son out of the house.
父親要兒子離開(kāi)家。