I.詞匯
1. persuade v. cause (sb) by reasoning (to do sth)
persuade 的意思時“說服”，否則與try 連用
(1). We persuaded him to stop smoking.
(2). We tried to persuade him, but he wouldn’t listen to us.
persuade sb 說服某人
He has persuaded his friend.
persuade sb to do sth 說服某人做某事
I’ll persuade her to go with you.
persuade sb into （doing） sth: cause sb to do sth
Tom couldn’t persuade Tommy into accepting his terms. 湯姆沒能說服湯米接受他的條件。
persuade sb out of （doing）sth：cause sb to stop doing sth
I persuaded him out of the idea of dropping the experiment. 我勸他打消了中斷實驗的念頭。
2. lack n. (常與of連用)want, need, shortage
There is no lack of vegetables.
It was lack of current capital that defeated their business.
由于缺少流動資本，他們的企業(yè)宣告失敗。
vt. & vi. not have; have less than enough of
He lacks courage.
These photographs lack definition. You’d better have them taken again.
這些照片不夠清晰，你最好重拍。
be lacking in sth: not have enough of it
He is lacking in courage. = He lacks courage.
be lacking: be in short supply
Money was lacking for the plan. = There was no money for the plan.
3. contrary adj. opposite ( in nature or tendency)
The boy was swimming in a direction contrary to the current. 那個男孩逆流游去。
adv. (常與to連用) against
He passed the examination, contrary to what I expected.
他考試及格了，和我預(yù)料的情況相反。
n. (前面與the連用) opposite
---You must be tired. 你一定很累了。
---On the contrary, I feel wide awake. 相反，我覺得很清醒。
4. infect vt. give disease, feelings, ideas, to a person, his body or mind
One of the boys in the class had a fever and he soon infected other children.
She infected the whole class with her laughter 她的笑聲感染了全班同學(xué)。
5. available adj. ①. (of objects) able to be used
②. (of persons) able to be present
I’m sorry, those overcoats are not available in your colour and size.
對不起，這種外套沒有你要的顏色和尺碼。
Attention, please. These tickets are available on (the) day of issue only.
請注意，這種車票僅在發(fā)售當(dāng)天有效。
The lawyer is not available now. 律師現(xiàn)在沒空。
Are you available for a meeting tomorrow morning? 你明天上午能出席會議嗎？
6. limit n. line or point that may not or can not be passed; greatest or smallest amount, degree, etc of what is possible
There is a limit to the amount of money I can afford. 我能付得起的錢數(shù)是有限的。
The speed limit is the fastest speed you are allowed to drive a car at.
限速是允許駕車的最快速度。
vt. (與to連用) put a limit or limits to; be the limit of
My mother limits the amount of food that I eat. 我媽媽限制我的飯量。
II. 重難點解析
Reading:
1. AIDS is a disease that breaks down the body’s immune system and leaves a person defenseless against infections and illnesses.
break down 毀掉; 制服; 壓倒; 停頓; 倒塌; 中止; 垮掉; 分解
Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.
人體中的化學(xué)元素把食物分解成有用的物質(zhì)。
The robbers broke the door down. 強盜們把門砸開了。
The peace talks are said to have broken down. 據(jù)說和談破裂了。
Our truck broke down outside town. 我們的卡車在城外拋錨了。
The car broke down halfway to the camp. 我們的車在去營地的半路上拋錨了。
常用搭配：
break away 逃走；逃脫
The robbery suspect broke away from the lockup. 搶劫嫌疑犯從拘留所逃脫了。
break in 闖入；強行進(jìn)入；打斷；插嘴
It’s her usual habit to break in with some ideas of her own.
她常常打斷別人的話來發(fā)表自己的觀點。
The telephone ring broke in on/upon my thought. 電話鈴聲打斷了我的思路。
break into 闖入
The thieves broke into the office and stole some money. 小偷闖入辦公室，偷了一些錢。
break out 爆發(fā)
The fire broke out in the kitchen. 廚房突然發(fā)生了火災(zāi)。
World War II broke out in 1939. 1939年爆發(fā)了第二次世界大戰(zhàn)。
break through 突破
After the storm the sun broke through the clouds. 風(fēng)暴過后太陽沖破了云層。
break up 分裂；結(jié)束；解散
The crowd started to break up when the night fell. 天快黑時人群開始散開了。
The ice will break up when the warm weather comes. 天氣轉(zhuǎn)暖，冰層就會破裂。
The police broke up the fighting crowd. 警察驅(qū)散了打架的人群。
2. As with most diseases and disaster, the young suffer the most.
正如大多數(shù)疾病和災(zāi)難一樣，遭受最多痛苦的往往是年輕的患者。
with: 對于；關(guān)于；就……來說
They are friendly with us.
We are pleased with the house.
It is day with us while it is night with them. 對于我們此時是白天，而對于他們則是夜晚。
3. The drugs that are available are much too expensive and difficult to find.
有效的藥物價格極其昂貴，而且很難買到。
much too 與 too much 的區(qū)別
Americans eat too much meat in my opinion.
She is afraid the trip will be too much for me.
Too much was happening all at once. 同時發(fā)生的事情太多了。
You are much too kind to me.
It’s much too cold.
You are driving much too fast.
4. She also goes to visit other AIDS patients in hospitals across the country to support them and cheer them up.
(1) across the country = throughout the country ; all over the country
(2) cheer up 使振奮，感到振奮；（用話）鼓舞（某人）
5. The disease is not the only thing that AIDS patients have to suffer from.
(1) the only 修飾先行詞時，后面只能用引導(dǎo)詞that, 不用 which.
if only 若是……那該多好啊； 真希望……；只要， 只要……就好
(2) suffer from vt. & vi. 患……病；受……苦; 受苦； 受難
She’s suffering from a headache.
Many people suffer from a great dread of heights. 許多人非常畏高。
6. “I wish people would find out the facts,” she says, “and not act as if I were a bad or dangerous
person.”
(1) as if = as though
She spoke to me as if she knew me.
It looked as if she were made of ice.
It seemed as if the meeting would never end.
(2) find out vt. & vi. 找出；發(fā)現(xiàn)；查明（真相）；認(rèn)識到；想出；揭發(fā)
We must find out the truth of the matter.
I’ll find out where they live.
I’ll find out from my wife what dates we have ahead.
They have to find out how to bring about improvement
I had found out from him that he knew the subject thoroughly.
I don’t know how the car works, but I’ll soon find out.
Mary was angry when Jane found out her secrets.
You may get away with dishonesty for a while, but you’ll be found out sooner or later.
Integrating skills
7. I remember having an empty feeling in my stomach and thinking that my life was going to end. 我記得當(dāng)時腦子里一片空白，以為我的生命就要結(jié)束了。
remember to do sth
remember doing sth
remember … for 因為……而記住
remember … as 作為……而記住
remember me to … 代我向……問好
8. Cells either divide too fast or at the wrong time, making it difficult for the body to function properly. 細(xì)胞要么分離太快，要么就是時候不當(dāng)，這使身體功能難以協(xié)調(diào)起作用。
making it difficult for … 作結(jié)果狀語。此外還可以表時間、原因、方式或伴隨情況。
9. They helped me find the strength I needed to recover and they kept me from feeling sad and lonely. 他們幫助我找到了我需要恢復(fù)的力量，讓我不再感覺到悲傷和孤獨。
(1) recover vt. & vi. 恢復(fù)；收回；取回
I recovered the money I had lost. 我找回了丟失的錢。
She soon recovered herself and stopped crying. 她很快就恢復(fù)了常態(tài)，不哭了。
(2) keep … from doing sth prevent sb from doing sth stop sb from doing sth
You can’t stop us (from) going if we want to. →We can’t be stopped from going if we want to.
Nobody can prevent us (from) getting married.→We can’t be prevented from getting married.
The church bells keep me from sleeping.
常用搭配
keep away 使離開；扣下；留下
keep back 阻止，阻擋；隱瞞，保留
He can keep nothing back from his friends. 他向朋友什么也瞞不住。
The boss keeps back $50 a month towards my uniform. 老板每月扣我50美元服裝費。
keep in touch with
keep off 避開；不接近
Keep off the grass!
My doctor has warned me to keep off sugar. 醫(yī)生勸我別吃糖。
keep on 繼續(xù)；保持
He just kept on writing.
注意區(qū)分：He kept standing at the school gate for half an hour without moving..
keep out 關(guān)在門外；不準(zhǔn)入內(nèi)
keep out of 躲開； 置身于……之外
Do you try to keep out of trouble! 你得躲開這麻煩。
Keep out of the sun.
keep to 堅持；保持；不離開
He always keeps to his promise. 他總是說話算數(shù)的。
We kept to the roads we knew. 我們不離開我們認(rèn)識的路。
keep to oneself 對……守口如瓶
He kept his conclusions to himself. 他對他的結(jié)論守口如瓶。
keep up 繼續(xù)；堅持；保持；維持
The high cost of materials keeps up prices. 材料的昂貴費用使價格居高不下。
keep up with
keep … adj.
For some, medicine can help keep them alive, but the treatment is expensive and does not cure them.
Please keep the classroom clean all day long.
10. The cancer in my body has been defeated for the moment, but I know that never be completely free from it.
for the moment 暫時，目前
at any moment 隨時；在任何時候；馬上
at moments 時刻，常常
at the last (critical) moment 在最后關(guān)頭
at the moment 此刻；（正當(dāng)）那時
every moment 時時刻刻
for a moment 片刻
in a moment 一會兒，不久；立即，馬上
the (very) moment (that …) = as soon as
the moment 立刻，馬上；剛才
11. Living with cancer has made me realize how precious life is and how important it is for us to take every chance to live life to the fullest.
take a chance / take one’s chance / take chances 冒險，碰碰運氣，利用一下機會
take no chance 不冒險，力求萬全
by chance = by accident 偶然，意外地