Teaching Aims:

1. Learn and master noun clauses as subject, the object, the predicative and the appositive introduced by “that”

Teaching Important Points:

1. Master noun clauses as the appositive.

2. Master the differences between the appositive clause and the attributive clause

Teaching Difficult Points:

1.master the differences between the appositive clause and the attributive clause

Teaching Methods:

1. Inductive method to introduce the difference between the appositive clause and the attributive clause

2. Practice to help students master the appositive clause

3. Individual or pair work to make every student work in class

Teaching Aids:

1. A projector

Teaching Procedures:

Step 1 Lead in

a. Review the text and present the appositive clause by asking questions:

1.What impresses you most in the passage ?

The fact that … impresses me most.

2.What have you already known before reading the passage ?

I have known the fact that …

3.Did you hear any news about Britain recently ?

I heard the news that …

b. Collect answers as many as possible ,reminding students of sentence structure if find errors.

Step 2 Tell the function of the following sentences.

Now, please open your book, turn to page 37. There are 6 sentences. We have learned these sentences before. You can look at some other sentences on the slide, and then decide which part the clauses act as.

Step3. Practice

Now turn to the exercise3. Join each pair of sentences using a noun clause as appositive. Now you know that the appositive clause is often put behind some nouns, like belief, fact, hope, idea, news, problem, suggestion and so on. Before you do it, go through what is the appositive clause. First look at the example, the noun “ news” is followed by the appositive clause “ that the famous British singer will come to China”. It explains the concrete contents of the noun “news”. Now do you know how to do this exercise?

Step4. Discussions

T: Now look at the picture on page38. Do you know him? He is the famous English film star, named Pierce Brosnan. Please read his profile.

T: Which fact do you think is new to you? Please express your ideas using the noun clauses. Discuss in pairs or in groups.

S1: I thought he is from England. I didn’t know he is from Ireland.

S2: the fact that his first wife died of cancer in 1991 is surprising.

S3: I don’t know that he owns a production company with a ling-time friend.

Step 5 Grammar Explanation

a. Get students to identify the clauses .

c. Try to make students tell the differences between appositive clause and attributive clause by comparing the sentences.

1.The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.

2.The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.

3.The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.

4.The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.

c. The teacher offers explanation if necessary.

Step6. Summary

T: In this period, we’ve done some exercises about some important words and the noun clause, especially we practice the appositive clause. Also we ‘ve known the difference between the appositive clause and the attributive clause. After class, you should practice more to master them better. Ok. That’s all for today. See you.

名詞性從句介紹

名詞性從句包括：主語從句，表語從句，同位語從句，其關聯詞有連接詞that, if, whether; 疑問代詞who, what, which和疑問副詞when, where, how, why等。

⒈ 主語從句

⑴ 主語從句在句子中充當主語，句子的謂語動詞用第三人稱單數。

E.g. Why he refused to work with you is still a mystery.

Whatever comes is welcome.

⑵ 主語從句前的that不能省略，僅起連接作用，有時候為保持句子平衡，that從句后置，而由it作形式主語。

E.g. That he became a lawyer may have been due to his mother’s influence.

It is not true that he has moved to New York.

⒉ 賓語從句在句子中充當賓語

E.g. I don’t know where the sound came from.

Don’t be satisfied with what you have achieved.

如果主句的謂語動詞是及物動詞make, find, see, hear等，則把賓語從句置于賓語補足語之后，用it作為形式賓語。

We find it necessary that we practise spoken English every day. 我們發現每天練習口語英語很有必要。

⒊ 當從句放在系動詞be, look, remain, seem等后構成表語從句。

E.g. The trouble is that I have lost his address.

It seemed that the night would never end.

⒋ 同位語從句

同位語從句是對與之同位的名詞中心詞作進一步解釋，能接同位語從句的常見名詞有：idea,fact,news,belief,hope,evidence,opinion,problem,truth,proposal,theory,decision.discovery.problem,thought.understandin,promise等。

E.g. The fact that we talked about is very important.(定語從句)

The fact that he succeed in the experiment pleased everybody.(同位語從句)

注意：名詞性從句的難點在于其句型結構不同，所使用的連詞比較復雜。因此，如何確定正確的連詞是突破名詞性從句的關鍵。解決這一問題可以從以下幾點入手：

⑴ 依據“缺什么補什么”原則確定正確的連詞。所謂“缺什么補什么”是指句型結構與連詞之間的關系。如果句子中缺主語，指人用who，指物用what；如缺賓語，指人用whom，指物用what；如缺時間狀語用when；地點狀語用where；原因狀語用why；方式狀語用how；定語用what或which；什么都不缺用that。

I know what he is talking about.（缺賓語指物）我知道他正在談論什么。

I’m sure that he will come tomorrow.（什么都不缺）我確信明天他會來。

Where he will go is unknown.（缺地點狀語）他要去哪兒還不知道。

I don’t know which book I should choose.（缺定語）我不知道應該選哪本書。

⑵ 注意幾組易混連詞whether與if；that與what的使用：

⑴引導主語、表語、同位語從句時關聯詞只用whether不用if 表“是否”。引導賓語從句時whether, if均可。

Whether he will attend the meeting is uncertain.

The question is whether he will come.

⑵賓語從句中，whether常與or not搭配，也可以說 whether or not, 而不說if or not.

E.g. I don’t care whether or not she will attend the meeting.

⑶whether也可用在介詞 后，或帶to 不定式前，if or not.

E.g. She doesn’t know whether to get married now or wait.

I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll go back home.

⑷ 某些動詞后面（如discuss）只能用whether, 不用if .

E.g. We discussed whether we should go on climbing.

The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 問題是這部電影是否值得看。

Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet. 是否我們要參加這次會議仍未被決定。

We don’t know whether/if she is ready. 我們不知道她是否準備好了。

that引導從句時不做成分，無意義；而what在從句中充當成分，有意義。

What he says is important. 他所說的很重要。

That light travels faster than the sound is a fact. 光傳播速度比聲音快是個事實。