Warming-up
Lead-in:
In order to decorate our classroom, we have several paintings to choose from. Now I’d like you to look at the paintings in this unit. (p2 and p44)
Which would you like to put up on the walls of our classroom? And why? What kind of the style for each painting?
Important points:
1. include v. including prep.
Eg. Thirty people, including six children, went to visit the factory.
== Thirty people, six children included, went to visit the factory.
(介詞短語including six children可用獨立主格結構six children included替換，
即including sb.=sb. included)
2. painting n.(油，水彩) 畫 paint v.（用顏料）畫
drawing n.(素描) 畫 draw v.（用線條）勾畫
3.abstract adj.抽象的，深奧的 n.摘要（of）
v.摘錄，提取，分離（from）
(perfect adj./v increase v./n. conduct v./n.)
an abstract painting 抽象畫 abstract noun 抽象名詞
abstract…from…從…中提取
in the abstract 抽象地，一般性地
eg. Beauty is abstract but a house is not.
eg. Salt can be abstracted from sea water.
eg. I like dogs in the abstract, but I can’t bear this one.
4.What would you rather do … 你更愿意做什么…
Pre-reading (說課p94)
Reading
Scanning:
1. What were the artists interested in from 5 th to 15 th century AD?
They are interested in creating respect and love for God.
2. How did Masaccio paint his paintings?
He drew things in perspective(透視畫法), which make picture very realistis.
3. Why did the impressionists have to paint quickly?
Because natural light changes quickly, they had to paint quickly.
Skimming
Name of Ages Time Artist Feature
The Middle Ages 5th to 15th century AD Giotto di Bondone religious, realistic
The Renaissance 15th to16th century AD Masaccio perspective, realistic
Impressionism late 19th to early 20th century detailed, ridiculous
Modern Art 20th century to today controversial, absreact, realistic
Important points:
1. influence v.& n. 影響（力）；有影響（之人或物）
have an influence on/upon… 對…有影響
have influence over/with… 對…有影響力
under the influence of 受…所影響，受…所左右
eg. The weather in summer influences the rice crops.
eg. He has no influence over his children.
2. belief n.相信；信念；信仰；信心 believe v.
belief-believe life-live proof-prove safe-save thief-thieve
beyond believe 難以置信
have belief in… 對…有信心
It’s one’s belief that- 某人相信
to the best of one’s belief （某人）深信
eg. My belief is that he will win. 我確信他會贏。
eg. Her belief in God is very firm. 她對上帝的信仰很堅定。
3. consequently adv. 所以；因而(as a result)
consequent adj. 作為結果的；隨之發生的；由..引起（on）
consequence n.結果；后果；重要性
as a consequence of 作為…的結果 in consequence of 作為…的結果
be of no consequence to sb. 對…無關緊要
take/bear/suffer the consequence of one’s action 承擔行動的后果
eg. As a/In consequence of your laziness and rudeness, I am forced to dismiss you.
由于你的懶惰和粗野，我不得不辭退你。
eg. It’s of no consequence to me.
eg. You made the wrong decision, and now you must take the consequences.
eg. Severe flooding was consequent on the heavy rain. 大洪水是由大雨所致。
4. …starting from the 5th century AD. 分詞短語做方式狀語
eg. Please translate the following sentences, using the words and phrases you have learnt.
5. …the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes.(不定式作表語)
aim n.目標；目的；瞄準 v.瞄準；努力 aimless adj. 沒有目標
take aim at 瞄準
achieve one’s aim 達到某人的目標
aim to do sth. 意欲/力求做某事
aim (sth.) at sb./sth. （用某物）瞄準某人/某物
be aimed at 目標是；目的是
eg. What’s your aim in life? 你人生的目標是什么？
eg. He aimed the gun at a bird. 他用槍瞄準鳥。
6. …by the 13th century
by prep. 在…之前，不遲于…
（“by+過去時間”常與過去完成時連用；“by+將來時間”常與將來完成時連用）
eg. I had learnt eight thousand words by the end of last month.
eg. By the time this letter reaches you I will have left the country.
7. value n.價值；（pl.）價值觀 v.給…估價
be of great(some, little, no) value to… 對…有很大（一些，幾乎沒有，沒有）價值
put great value on sth. 認為某事十分有益
go up/rise/increase in value 升值
go down/fall/drop in value 貶值
cultural/social/moral values 文化/社會/道德觀念
valuable adj. 有價值的；重要的
valueless adj. (worthless) invaluable adj. (priceless)
8. take the place of 替代，取代（replace）
take one’s place 入座，就位（當one與主語指同一人時）；代替某人的職位
in the place of 代替；取代（instead of）
take place 發生；被舉行（無變動）
eg. Please take your place. From now on I will take the place of Mr. Li as chairman of the meeting.
9. focus v. 使聚焦；使集中 n. 焦點
focus sth. on sth. 聚焦于；集中于
in focus 焦點對準的；清晰的
out of focus 焦點未對準的； 模糊不清的
eg. All our eyes were focused on the speaker. 大家的目光都集中在發言人身上。
10. possession n. 所有；占有；（pl.）所有物；財產
possess v.占有；擁有
possessor n. 所有人；持有人
personal possessions 個人財產
in possession of 占有；擁有；持有 (主語是人，擁有某物)
in sb’s possession/in the possession of sb.
為某人所有； 在某人的控制下(主語是物，為某人所有)
come into possession of sth. / take possession of sth. 占有某物
eg. He was found in possession of some dangerous drugs.
== Some dangerous drugs were found in the possession of him / in his possession.
eg. The soldiers took possession of the enemy’s base.
11. in perspective 用透視畫法 perspective n. 透視畫法；透視圖；觀點
12. convince vt 使確信；使信服
convince sb. to do sth. 說服某人做某事
convince sb. of sth. / that- 使某人相信
be convinced. of sth. / that- 相信
eg. It took many hours to convince John of his wife’s mistake.
eg. We convinced Anne to go by train rather than plane.
eg. It’s hard to convince my family that we can’t afford a new car
eg. I am convinced that he is telling the truth.
13. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, people would not have been able to paint such realistic pictures. (if條件句中表過去情況的虛擬語氣)
14. a great deal 大量；很多（a lot, much）
修飾不’ 修飾可’ 修飾可’+不’
much a large/great number of a lot of/lots of
a great/good deal of large/great numbers of a large quantity of
a great amount of a great/good many large quantities of
dozens of(幾十) plenty of
scores of(幾十)
15. mostly adv. 大部分地；主要地（mainly, largely）
most n.大部分；最大程度（作主，賓） adj. 大多數的（表） adv. 最，極其，非常（狀）
eg. Most students say that it is a most (a very) interesting book, but it isn’t the most (最高級)interesting they’ve read, and that they read such books mostly on weekends. .
16. be accepted as… 被認為是…
17. nowadays adv 現今；如今 Nowadays many people travel by air
18. scores of 許多的；大量的；幾十的（修飾復數名詞時，不與數詞連用）
eg. I have been there scores of times.
score n. （比賽）比分；（測試）分數；二十
three score (of) years 六十年 (表示“二十”時與數詞連用，不加s)
scores of years 許多年
與dozen用法類似
19. …but without the impressionists many of these painting styles would not exist….
without the impressionist介詞短語相當于一虛擬條件句 if there were not the impressionists…
20. attempt vt.& n. 嘗試；努力；企圖
(attempt比try更正式,且attempt 暗含不成功)
attempt a difficult problem 試著解答難題
attempt to do sth 試圖做某事
make an attempt to do/at doing sth. 試圖做某事
21. …using colour, line and shape to represent them. (現在分詞作伴隨或方式狀語)
eg. He often went running to school.
22. on the other hand 另一方面，反過來說（狀）
on (the) one hand 一方面
on hand 現有的，手頭上的，即將發生的
Comprehending
Learning about language
1. historical adj. 歷史（上）的；史學的
historic adj. 歷史性的；具有歷史意義的
a historical event 歷史事件 a historic event 歷史性事件
2. at (the) least 至少，最低限度 at (the) most 至多，最多
eg. A child must sleep at least eight hours a day.
eg. I can give you 20 dollars at most.
3.doubt n.& v.(作 v.時，肯定句可用whether/if/that引導，否定句只用that引導)
no doubt 很可能，無疑 in doubt 懷疑，不肯定
There is no doubt of&about sth./ that-- 毫無疑問…
There is doubt whether- 令人懷疑…
eg. There is no doubt that he is honest./of his honesty.
eg. He doubted whether they would be able to help. 他拿不準他們是否能夠幫忙。
eg. I doubt (that) he will come to the meeting. 認為他未必會來
4. refer to 指，說（某事）
eg. Are you referring to me?
refer…to… ①提交，上呈；②引..去查詢、參考
refer to ①查詢，參考②提及，涉及，指
eg. The teacher often refers her pupils to this dictionary.
eg. Her pupils often refer to this dictionary.
eg. Don’t refer to this matter again.
5. bunch n. 束，串 a bunch of flowers
Using Language
What’s the main idea of this passage?
The passage introduces some best art galleries of Manhattan.
(It is perhaps from a tourist guide book)
Important points:
1. collection n. 收集，收藏；收藏品
make a collection of… 收藏
make a collection for… 為…募捐
have a large collection of… 收藏有大量的…
2. …leaving his house,… (現在分詞短語作狀語)
eg. Both of them died in the accident, leaving their son alone.
3. worth adj. 值得的，價值為
eg. This pen is worth five yuan.
eg. I think his suggestion is well worth considering. (很值得的用well 修飾)
It is worth sb’s while / worthwhile to do sth. /doing sth.
be worth doing
be worthy of doing / to be done
eg. This book is worth reading.
eg. This book is worthy of reading / to be read
4. exhibition n.展覽，陳列；展覽會
hold an exhibition
on exhibition/show/display
5. It is amazing/strange/interesting/disappointing/clear that-
6. work un. 工作 cn. 作品 (指工廠時，單復均可)
eg. Have you read his works？
7. every two years=every other year=every second year
every + 基數詞 +復數名詞
every + 序數詞 + 單數名詞
every few +復數名詞
every three days=every third day
Discussion:
表示喜好：
prefer n.
prefer to do sth.
prefer doing sth.
prefer + n./doing sth. + to + n./doing sth.
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. = would rather do sth. than do sth.
Grammer:p87