Lesson 57
Teaching objectives and demands:
1. Words and useful expressions: xcpain, in (the) future
2. Everyday English for communication (talk about an event)
What can I do for you?
What was the matter? I've got a pain/cough/headache.
I don't feel well. There's sth wrong with…
This place hurts.
Let me examine you. Does it hurt here?
It's nothing serious. You'd better have a rest.
Take this medicine three times a day.
And I advise you not to do…
Drink plenty of water and have a good rest.
You'll be well soon.
3. Language use: Manipulate listening, speaking practice
Key points:
1. Everyday English for communication;
2. Words and useful expressions
Teaching procedures:
Step 1. Revision
Check the useful expressions that are often used by the doctors and patients.
What was the matter? I've got a pain/cough/headache.
I don't feel well. There's sth wrong with…
This place hurts.
Let me examine you. Does it hurt here?
It's nothing serious. You'd better have a rest.
Take this medicine three times a day.
Step 2. Presentation and listening
SB1b, Page 1, Part 1. Play the tape of Lesson 57 for the students to follow and ask them the questions as follows:
(1) Where did this dialogue happen?
(2) What happened to Sharon?
(3) What do you think caused the problem?
(4) What did the doctor tell her to do?
The students are expected to answer the questions in pairs.
Step 3. Reading
Get the students to read the dialogue for more detail information.
Step 4. Explanations to the dialogue
1. At the doctor's 在醫生的診所
在英語中， 常用從事某行業的人的所有格來表示他所工作的地方，如本課標題“At the doctor's ”就相當在 At the doctor's clinic。又如：
a baker's 面包店(a baker's shop)
a barber's 理發店(a barber's shop)
a tailor's 裁縫店、成衣店(a tailor's shop)
The Bell's 貝爾電話公司(The Bell's Telephone Company)這種名詞的所有格結構還可以用來表示某人的家。例如：
at his parents'(home) 在他父母親的家里
in her uncle's(house) 在她叔叔的住所
2. What can I do for you? 你有什么不舒服嗎?
這是表示“主動提供幫助”(offer one's help)時的交際用語。本課對話是在診所進行的，“What can I do for you?”是醫生為病人提供服務時說的話， 意思就是 ：“你有什么不舒服嗎?”或“你來看病嗎?”。例如：
(D=Doctor; P=Patient)
D: What can I do for you? 你來看病嗎?
P: Well, I've got a cough. I couldn't sleep well. 我咳嗽，睡不好覺。
D: What can I do for you, sir? 先生，你看什么病?
P: I've got a pain here. I couldn't lift my right hand. 我這兒有點痛。我的右手抬不起來。
另外，“What can I do for you?”用在不同場合， 可以有不同的譯法。例如在商店里，店員對顧客說：“What can I do for you?”， 意思就是“你要買什么東西?”， 你可以回答說：“I'd like to buy …”。 如果在餐館里， 服務員問你“ What can I do for you?”， 意思就是“你想吃/喝點什么?”， 你可以回答說“I'd like to have a hamburger.” (我想吃漢堡包。) 或“A glass of beer, please.”(請來一杯啤酒)。 如果在售票處， 售票員問你“What can I do for you?”，意思就是“你買什么票?”，你可以根據實際情況回答，如“ Two tickets to Beijing for tomorrow, please.”(請買兩張明天去北京的車票。)
3. What's the matter? 你有什么不舒服?
“What's the matter (with you)?” 本意是“ (你) 怎么啦?”，用以表示關懷和焦慮。本課對話是在診所進行的，這句話就是醫生詢問病情時的用語，意思是“你有什么不舒服?”。
類似的表達還有：What's wrong with you?/What's troubling
you? 例如：
D：What's the matter with you? 你有什么不舒服?
P：I coughed a great deal last night. 昨晚我咳得很厲害。
D：What's wrong with you? 你有什么不舒服?
P：I've got a headache. I feel terrible. 我頭疼得很厲害。
4. It's nothing serious. 這不要緊。/沒什么大問題。
這是醫生在檢查病人后對病人說的安慰話語。例如：
P：I don't feel well. I've got a bad headache. 我覺得不舒服，頭很疼。
D：Let me examine you. 我來給你檢查一下。
(A while later.)
D：Don't worry. You've got a cold. It's nothing serious, but you'd better have a good rest and drink plenty of water. Take this medicine three times a day and
you'll be well soon. 別著急。你感冒了，沒有什么大問題，不過， 你得好好休息一下,多喝些水。這個藥一天服三次,你很快會好起來的。
注意，修飾不定代詞something、anything、nothing 等的形容詞，應放在這些不定代詞的后面。例如：
P：Is there anything wrong with my back? 我的背部有什么毛病嗎?
D：No, nothing wrong. /I don't think it's anything serious.
沒有什么問題。/我認為沒有什么大問題。
5. I advise you not to eat fruit that isn't ripe, in future. 我勸你今后不要吃不熟的水果了。
(1) 勸告某人做/不做某事時，可用下列交際用語：advise sb. to do/not to do sth. 例如：
P：Is there anything wrong with my heart? 我的心臟有什么問題嗎?
D：Yes, there is something wrong with your heart. I advise you not to smoke any more. 是有點問題。我勸你不要再吸煙了。
D：I advise you to take a physical examination. 我勸你做一次體格檢查。
P：Do you think I really need it? 你認為我的確需要做體檢嗎?
D：Yes, I think so. 我認為要做。
(2) in future與in the future都表示“在將來”的意思， 一般可以互換。但前者強調“從今以后/今后”(from now on) 的意思；后者著重表示“將來某個時候/將來” ( sometime in the future) 的意思。例如：Don't do that again. Be more careful in future. 別再那樣做了。今后更要注意了。
I promised him to eat less sugar in future. 我答應他(我)今后少吃糖。
More peaches will be harvested by our farm in the future.
我們農場將來會收獲更多的桃子。
In the future, computers will become smaller and work faster.
計算機將來會變得更小，工作得更快。
Step 5. Practice
Workbook Lesson 73, Exx.1 and 2. Get the students to do the exercise in the workbook and then check the answers with the students.
Step 6. Workbook
SB1b, Page 49, Part 1 and 2. Tell the students to read the sentences and fill in the blacks with appropriate responses. The students are supposed to do it in pairs and then check the answers with the class.
Step 7 Homework
(1) Finish off the exercises of Lesson 57 in the workbook.
(2) Revise the key points of this lesson.
Evaluation of teaching:
Lesson 58 What is Healthy diet?
Teaching aims and demands:
1.Words and useful expressions:
be rich in, contain, fat(n),soft drink, score, scores of, discuss, discussion, at the end (of), examine, ripe, advise, patient, energy, weight, put on weight, westerner, cause , unhealthy, lose weight, suggestion, ouch, salad, peach, Sharon, diet, fiber, calorie, crisp, quiz, grape, hamburger , Coca Cola.
2. Grammar: Revise the structures of expressing suggestions and advice.
3. Reading comprehension: (1) scanning (2) find the clue of a text
Key points: 1.Words and grammar 2. Reading comprehension
Teaching methods: Reading - explanation ---- practice
Time arrangement:
This lesson is to be finished in one or two teaching periods.
Teaching procedures:
Step 1. Revision
(1) Check the homework exercises.
(2) Revise the contents of Lesson 57.
Step 2. Lead-in
Get the students to talk about “healthy eating”. List the healthy foods that the students yell out on the blackboard.
Step 3. Skimming
Now tell the students to read the text and answer the question: which are healthier, Chinese food or western food?
Step 4. Scanning
Now get the students to read the text of Lesson 58, and tell the statements are true or false in Ex. 1 in the workbook in Page 50.
Step 5. Language points
1. Every person needs water and a diet of healthy foods.
每個人都需要水和健康的食物。
(1) diet和food都可以作“食物”解。但前者是抽象名詞， 常指“飲食”而言，或指為特殊需要而規定的食物；food 是一般用語，指具體的食物，凡是吃的喝的都屬food。它通常用作不可數名詞，常用單數。但在表示食物的種類時，也可用復數( 如本句中的foods)。例如：
The doctor advised him to take a special diet to lose weight.
醫生勸他吃減肥的特別飲食。
The best liquid diet for the patient is milk but she doesn't like it.
最好的給病人吃的流質食物是牛奶，但她不喜歡喝。
Healthy foods include fruits, eggs, vegetables and some soft drinks.
健康食物包括水果、雞蛋、蔬菜和軟飲料。
Milk is the natural food for young babies. 牛奶是嬰幼兒吃的天然食物。
(2)注意下列派生詞的構詞法：
名詞+后綴-y→形容詞
health(健康) +-y → healthy(健康的)
cloud(云) +-y → cloudy(多云的)
rain(雨) +-y→ rainy(多雨的)
salt(鹽) +-y→ salty(咸的)
weight(重量) +-y→ weighty(重的)
fun(滑稽) +-y→ funny(滑稽的)
2. They eat different kinds of food which change into energy.
人們吃的各種各樣的食物都能轉化成能量。
短語動詞 change into 作 “轉變成” 解 (to become something different)。例如：
Everything she eats changes into fat. 她吃的東西都變成脂肪了。
When temperature goes down to 0℃, water changes into ice.
當溫度降至0℃時，水就變成了冰。
上述例句中的change是不及物動詞。change還可以作及物動詞，構成“change A into B”結構，意思是“把A變成B”，可用于被動句。例如：
Do you know how to change these things into ice cream?
你知道怎樣把這些東西制成冰淇淋嗎?
Please change this sentence into a special question.
請把這個句子改成一個特殊疑問句。
Raise the temperature, and the ice will be changed into water.
升高溫度，冰就會變成水。
3. The energy is measured in calories. 這種能量是以卡來計算的。
句中的介詞短語“in calories”是“以卡(為單位)”的意思，這里的in作“以……”、“用……”解。“介詞 in+ 計量單位的復數形式”表示計算或度量的標準。例如：
In Britain, the weight is generally measured in pounds.
在英國，重量通常以磅來計算。
The living space is measured in square metres.
居住面積是以平方米來計算的。
The distance in space is told in light years. 宇宙中的距離是以光年來計算的。
4. While you are at school, or walking home, your body is burning up 100 calories an hour. (=… your body is using 100 calories an hour.)在學校讀書或者走路回家的時候，你的身體每小時要消耗 100 卡的熱量。
短語動詞burn up原意是“燒掉”、“燒毀”，本句中轉意為“用掉”“消耗掉”。例如：
Don't burn up these old books. They might be useful.
不要燒掉這些書，它們也許還有用。
The factory burned up completely last night. 昨晚那家工廠徹底地燒毀了。
Do you know how much energy you will burn up during the relay race?
你知道在進行接力賽時要消耗多少能量嗎?
5. When playing football or basketball, you might be using 400 calories an hour. (=When you are playing football or basketball, ……) 踢足球或打籃球時，你可能每小時要消耗400卡熱量。
在帶有時間狀語從句(when-clause)的主從復合句中， 如果從句中的主語與主句中的主語相同， 則從句中的主語可以省去，而構成“when+ ing形式”的結構。例如：
When the doctor was examining me, he said,“ Nothing serious.” ＝ When examining me, the doctor said, “nothing serious.” 醫生給我檢查身體時說道：“沒有什么大問題。”
When he was eating the peach, he found it too green to eat. ＝ When eating the peach, he found it too green to eat. 他吃桃子的時候，發現桃子太生了，不能吃。
6. On Sports Day, during the relay race, you will use most of all , perhaps as much as 650 calories an hour. 在運動會上，在接力賽中，你消耗的熱量較多，每小時多達650卡。
“as much/many as”結構作“多達”、“多到……程度”解。例如：
There is plenty of rain here, often as much as seventy inches a year.
這兒雨水很多，每年的降雨量常常多達70英寸。
As many as 240, 000 people lost their lives in a terrible earthquake in Tang Shan. 在唐山一次可怕的地震中，死亡人數多達24萬。
在“as…as”結構中還可以加入其它的形容詞或副詞，表示“到……程度”，如“as long as(長達)，as high as(高達) ， as deep as(深達)，as early as (早在……時候)等。例如：
The building is as high as 120 metres. 那座大廈高達120米。
As early as the 19th century the English began to control Hong Kong.
早在十九世紀，英國人就開始控制香港了。
7. The Chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest in the world. (=People think that the Chinese diet is the healthiest in the world.) 中國的飲食被認為是世界上最健康的飲食。
Consider 作 “認為” 解時， 后面可跟不定式的復合結構(consider sb./sth. to be…)。 本句中的謂語動詞用的是這個結構的被動式。例如：
People consider the Western diet to be unhealthy diet.＝The Western diet is considered to be unhealthy diet. 西方的飲食被認為是不健康的飲食。
Ice cream is considered to contain too much sugar. ＝People consider ice cream to contain too much sugar. 人們認為冰淇淋含糖量太高了。
Abraham Lincoln is considered to be the greatest man in the U.S.A.
亞伯拉軍林肯被認為是美國最偉大的人。
8.It (The Chinese diet) is rich in fibre and low in sugar ad fat. 中國的飲食含有很多的纖維，而糖和脂肪的含量卻很少。
“be rich in”的意思是“在……方面豐富(多)”，它的反義詞組是“be low in”(在……方面少)。例如：
That area is rich in coal and oil. 那個地區盛產煤和石油。
Coca Cola is considered to be rich in sugar. 人們認為可口可樂的含糖量很高。
I advise you to eat a diet that is low in sugar and fat. 我建議你吃糖和脂肪含量低的食物。
The mountain village is rich in fruits, but low in rice. 那個山村盛產水果，但是大米產量低。
一般地說，“be + adj. + in ”結構常用來表示“在……方面的特征”。例如：
He seems to be strong in appearance, but actually he is unhealthy.
他表面上看來很強壯，但事實上他并不健康。
The computer is small in size but high in speed. 這種計算機體積雖小，而速度很快。
9. Because of this, they put on weight very easily. (=…，they become heavier and fatter easily.) 正因為這樣，他們的體重很容易增加。
(1)because of是短語介詞，作“因為”解，后跟名詞或代詞，構成介詞短語，在句中作原因狀語。例如：He hasn't had anything for two days because of illness. 因為生病，他兩天沒吃東西了。
He eats lots of sweets. Because of this, he has bad teeth. 他吃糖吃多了，因此，牙齒不好。
(2) put on weight的意思是“增加體重”、“長胖”(become heavier and fatter)。 它的反義詞組是 “lose weight”， 意思是“減少體重”、“減肥”(become lighter and thinner) 。例如：
Don't eat too much fat, or you'll put on weight. 不要吃太多脂肪，否則你會長胖的。
He is too thin， he wishes to put on some weight. 他太瘦了，他希望長胖一點。
She is too fat， she wishes to lose weight. 她太胖了，她希望減肥。
Try to do more exercise every day, and you'll lose weight.
每天多做點運動，那么你的體重就會減輕。
10. Their diet contain a lot of fat in the form of potato crisps potato chips, butter, cream and chocolate. 他們的食物有炸土豆片、炸土豆條、黃油、乳酪和巧克力， 這些都含有大量的脂肪。
in the form of 作 “以……形式”解 ， 后跟名詞 potato crisps…，在句中作方式狀語。例如：
He made the suggestion in the form of a question. 他以提問題的形式提出建議。
His family story is told in the form of a play. 他的家史是以戲劇的形式來敘述的。
11. In some parts of Britain, one person in ten, by the age of thirty, has no teeth left! (=10% of the British people have no teeth left before 30 years old.)
在英國有些地方，十分之一的人，年紀不到三十歲， 牙齒就脫落了。
(1) one person in ten的意思是“十個人中有一個” ， 也就是說“有十分之一的人”，介詞in在這里表示一種比例關系。
In that college, one student in three wears glasses.
在那所大學里，有三分之一的學生戴眼鏡。
Nine Westerners in ten like to eat Chinese food.
百分之九十的西方人都喜歡吃中國的食物。
(2) have sth. left 的意思是“剩下某物”。 left 是動詞leave(剩下，留下)的過去分詞。例如：Be quick! We have only a few minutes left. 快點!我們只剩下幾分鐘了。
“ Have you got any money with you?”--“I have only two dollars left.”
“你身邊帶了錢嗎?”--“我只剩下兩元錢了。”
Mary's father died and had nothing left to her. 瑪麗的父親死了，沒有給她留下什么東西。
Step 6. General knowledge quiz
The boy students are assigned to talk about Part 1 and the girl students Part 2. After they have reached an agreement, some eloquent students are picked up to report to the class.
Step 7. Consolidation
Tell the students to do Ex. 2 in the workbook and then pick out 2 students to read and yell out the answer to the class.
Step 8. Oral Practice
WB Ex.3, tell the students to practice the dialogue in pairs orally. Ask some pairs to demonstrate to the class if time permits.
Step 9. Workbook
Get the students to do the workbook exercises individually and then check the answers with the class.
Homework
(1) Finish off the exercises of Lesson 58 in the workbook.
(2) Revise the key points of this lesson.
Evaluation of teaching:
Lesson 59
Teaching aims and demands:
1.Words and useful expressions:
cause , unhealthy, lose weight, suggestion, hamburger , Coca Cola.
2. Reading comprehension: ⑴skimming ⑵scanning
Key points: 1.Words and useful expressions 2. Reading comprehension
Teaching methods: Reading - explanation ---- practice
Time arrangement:
This lesson is to be finished in one teaching period.
Teaching procedures:
Step 1. Revision
(1) Check the homework exercises.
(2) Revise the contents of Lesson 58.
Step 2. Lead-in
Get the students to talk about “McDonalds” and “KFC”. Get the students to list the food that are provided in these shops. Are the foods healthy?
Step 3. Skimming
Now tell the students to read the text and answer the question: Are the foods in the hamburger restaurant healthy?
Step 4. Reading
Now get the students to read the text of Lesson 59, and tell the disadvantages of the food sold in McDonalds’ according to the text.
Step 5. Language points
1. Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening. (=Lots of people went to the new restaurant……) 開張的頭幾天，許許多多的人去那家新餐館吃飯。
Score n. 二十。它所構成的詞組scores of/a score of 作“許多”解，相當于lots of /a lot of的意思， 但前者是書面語，后者更常用于口語中。例如：“How many people were present at the party?”--“A score or more.”
“出席聚會的人有多少?”--“二十多個。”
The owner of the shop is a man of about three score years.
那家商店的主人是一個六十來歲的男人。
Scores of Westerners came to visit the Great Wall last week.
上周有許多西方人來參觀長城。
I have been to the hamburger restaurant a score of times.
我到那家漢堡包餐館去過許多次。
2. “Not good value for money,” one person said. 有一個人說：“花這個錢真不值得。”
引號中的這句話是承接上文而來的。上文說：“……； others found it expensive。”(……另一些人覺得漢堡包太貴了。)，下文說：“Not good value for money.”。 這是一個不完全句， 意思相當于： It's not worth the high price.
3. The foods that you buy in hamburger restaurants are high in fat, sugar and salt. (= The foods …contain a large amount of fat, sugar and salt.)
你在漢堡包餐館買的食物所含的脂肪、糖和鹽的成分都很高。
這是一個主從復合句，主句是“The foods…are high in fat, sugar and salt.”， 中間插入一個定語從句“that you buy in hamburger restaurants”，修飾先行詞foods。 主句中的謂語用了動詞詞組 “be high in ，同上課學的“be rich in”的意思相近。例如：
Coca Cola is considered to be rich/high in sugar.
人們認為可口可樂的含糖量很高。
The shirts that the shop sells are high in quality.
這家商店出售的襯衫都是高質量的。
4. As a result, many Westerners die at an early age from heart illnesses.
結果許多西方人因心臟疾病而早逝。
die from意思是“死于……(疾病或意外事故等)”。例如：
He died from a serious disease. 他因患重病而死亡。
Scores of people died from floods last summer. 去年夏天，許多人死于水災。
“因疾病或年老而死亡”還可以用die of。例如：
He died of heart illness. 他因心臟病而死去。
He lived long years and died of old age. 他很長壽，無疾而終(因年老而去世)。
5.在Practice和Discussion中有這樣兩個疑問句：
Which food do you think is healthy and which is unhealthy?
你認為哪種食物是健康的，哪種是不健康的呢?
Which of the answers do you think is the best one?
你認為在這些答案中哪一個是最佳答案?
這兩個特殊疑問句中都有一個插入語“do you think”( 用倒裝語序)，其它的部分用正常語序。類似的例句如下：
What performance do you think we should give at the party?
你看我們在晚會上應表演什么節目。
When do you think they will be back? 你認為他們什么時候會回來?
Where do you think we should travel to? 你認為我們該去哪兒旅行。
此外，注意unhealthy的構詞法。它是由“前綴un-+形容詞”構成。前綴un-有否定的含義，所構成的新詞在詞義上與原來的形容詞詞義相反。
Step 6. Generalization
Tell the students to read the text again and tell the main idea of the text. The students are expected to talk first in groups and then some eloquent students are picked out to report to the class.
Step 7. Practice
SB Lesson 59, Part 2, the students are told to talk about the healthy food and unhealthy food. They are instructed to talk orally in pairs.
Step 8. Practice
SB Lesson 59, Part 3, the students in one group are told to choose one of the topics to talk about and then get some reporters to report to the class.
Step 9. Workbook
Get the students to do the workbook exercises individually and then check the answers with the class.
Homework
(1) Finish off the exercises of Lesson 59 in the workbook.
(2) Revise the key points of this lesson.
Evaluation of teaching:
Lesson 60
Teaching aims and demands
1. Listening practice
2. Grammar: Revise making suggestions and giving advice.
Key points: 1. Useful expressions; 2. Listening
Teaching methods: Listening practice; written practice and oral practice.
Teaching procedures
Step 1. Revision
(1) Check the homework exercises.
(2) Revise the content of the previous two lessons.
(3) Revise the key points of the two lessons.
Step 2. Listening
(1) Pre-listening: Tell the students turn to Page 121 and read the instructions to get a gist of the listening passage.
(2) While-listening:
① Play the tape for the students to answer the questions.
② Check the answers with the students.
(3) Post listening activity: get the students to talk about the listening passage.
Step 3. Checkpoints
Go through Checkpoint 15 with the students. Get the students to make sentences of their own using the useful expressions.
Step 4. Language study
SB P4, Part 2. Go through the advice and suggestions with the class and tell them to make sentences of their own if time permits.
Step 5. Writing
SB P4, Part 4. Read the instructions and tell the students to develop a passage using the information given.
Step 6. Workbook
Workbook Lesson 60. Ex.1~3 and the exercises in Unit 15 Revision. Get the students to do the exercises and then check the answers with the students.:
Homework
(1) Finish off the exercises of Lesson 60 in workbook.
(2) Revise the key points of this unit.
Feedback and Evaluation: