Unit 7 Cultural relics
Teaching Aims and Demands:
1.Key words: represent，limit，include
2.Important phrases: bring…back to life，pull down，give in
3.Classic Patterns:
It is said／reported／believed…that…據(jù)說／據(jù)報(bào)道／人們相信……
4.Differences between words and phrases:
destroy／ruin／damage
5.Grammar: Attributive clauses
6.Communicative phrases: 提出意見和建議
Teaching Steps:
Step 1 Have a dictation of the words and expressions.
Step 2 Translate the following sentences with the words and expressions in the text.
Step 3. language points.
一、核心詞匯
1．Represent v. 代表，象征；作為(某人)的代表或代理人
The rose represents England．玫瑰花是英格蘭的象征。
The Queen was represented at the funeral by the ambassador．大使代表女王參加了葬禮。
A dove represents peace．鴿子象征著和平。
解題警示
represent的同根詞是：presence n. 出席，到場；present adj．出席的，到場的。
2．1imit的用法
limit n．[c]限度，限制，極限 vt. 限制，限定
limited adj．有限的
unlimited adj彩無限的
There is a speed limit of 30 miles per hour in towns．城里限速每小時(shí)30英里。
Our holidays are limited to two weeks．我們的假期被限制在兩個(gè)星期。
We must limit our spending．我們必須限制我們的開支。
As we a11 know，a person's life is limited，but knowledge is unlimited
我們都知道，人的生命是有限的，而知識卻是無限的。
解題警示:
limit用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)常與介詞as連用。
3.include的用法
inelude vt 包括，包含(側(cè)重包含的范圍)
contain vt 含有，包含(側(cè)重包含的內(nèi)容)
including…包括……在內(nèi)(表主動(dòng))
included包括……在內(nèi)(表被動(dòng))
The story book contains 100 stories．這本故事書里包含有100篇故事。
My job doesn't include making cake for the boss．
為老板做蛋糕不是我工作分內(nèi)的事情。(接doing形式)
Detailed instructions are included in the booklet．小冊子中有詳細(xì)說明。
Hundreds of people were killed in the accident，including 20 women and children／20
women and children included．?dāng)?shù)百人在事故中喪生，包括20位婦女和兒童。
解題警示：
注意including和included在句中的位置。
【考題】The book cost me 12 yuan in all, postage ________.
A．included B．including C．includes D．is included
A 從句法分析看，題干是一個(gè)簡單句，句子后半部分是名詞加分詞構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，而postage與include是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以需用過去分詞，相當(dāng)于including postage．
二、重點(diǎn)短語
4．bring…back to life的用法
bring．．．back to life意為“使恢復(fù)”、“使蘇醒”、“使生動(dòng)”，back可省略。
bring．．．back to health使……恢復(fù)健康
come(back)to life蘇醒過來，恢復(fù)生氣
They did aIl they could to bring him(back)to life．他們盡一切努力使他蘇醒。
When the man came(back)to life again，he found himself in a hospital bed．
那人蘇醒過來時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己躺在醫(yī)院的病床上。
解題警示:
bring…back to life是主語，使(別人)蘇醒(恢復(fù))，而come back to life則是主語(自己)蘇醒(恢復(fù))過來。
【考題】(2004東、哈、遼聯(lián)考)
The doctors did a11 they could _______ him__________．
A．to bring；back to life B.bring：back to life
C．bring；to life D．to bring；to living．
A 動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語，bring sb back to life使某人蘇醒，為一固定短語。
5．pull down的用法
pull down拆掉；摧毀(=destroy)；(疾病使體質(zhì))虛弱
The cinema she used to visit had been pulled down．她常去的那家電影院已經(jīng)拆除了。
His long illness had pulled him down．他因長年患病身體很虛弱。
pull down 拆掉,推掉,使身體虛弱,使價(jià)格降低 pull off 脫衣帽 pull off a plan 實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)劃
pull out 拔出,離開,度過難關(guān),恢復(fù)健康拔出，抽出；(車、船等)駛出
to pull out of the garage 從車庫開車出來
pull through 渡過難關(guān),使從病中恢復(fù)過來
pull up 車子停下,拔起(樹、草),pull up the curtain
pull in (車)進(jìn)站；(船)到岸
pull into (車等)進(jìn)入，駛?cè)?/p>
解題警示:
pull down的本意是“拉下”。
【考題】(2005年武漢三月考)A lot of old and dangerous houses and buildings have been _____ in Wuhan central city areas in the past a few years．
A．brought down B．pulled down C．put down D．turned down
B bring down降低價(jià)格，pull down拆除，put down放下，turn down將音(光)調(diào)小。根據(jù)題意可知答案為B。
6．give in的用法
give in屈服，讓步，投降(后常接to sb．／sth．)
give up(sth．／doing sth．)放棄；中止；認(rèn)輸；自首，投降
You can't win the game．so you may as well give in．這場比賽你贏不了的。還是認(rèn)輸吧。
I've given up that idea long before．我很久以前就放棄那個(gè)想法了。
He has given up playing football．他不再踢足球了。
give away 分發(fā),贈(zèng)送,頒發(fā),背叛,出賣,暴露
give back 歸還
give in 屈服 give in to sb./sth.讓位于。。。，被。。。。。所取代
give off 放出(氣體,光)
Those flowers look pretty but don't give off a nice smell. 這些花看似漂亮,但是氣味并不好。
give out 使人筋疲力盡 ，用完；分發(fā)，宣布，散發(fā)出=give off
Some restaurants give out an odor that reaches to the street.
一些餐廳里面的氣味飄到了街上。 odor 是指比 scent 更濃更清楚的味道。
give up 放棄,停止做某事
He resolved to give up smoking． 他決心戒煙。
give over 讓位于=give way to被取代
give away to 被取代 ，讓步，屈服
give rise to 引起,導(dǎo)致
give a hand 幫忙
give sb. a lift 準(zhǔn)某人搭便車/give sb. a ring給某人打電話
解題警示:
give in為不及物動(dòng)詞短語，而give up為及物動(dòng)詞短語，后須接賓語n
【考題】(2002年北京春招)
--Smoking is bad for your health．
--Yes．I know．But 1 simply can't ________.
A．give it up B．give it in C．give it out D．give it away
A give up意為“放棄、戒掉”，其他短語的意思不符合題意：gjve in屈服，give out分發(fā)，give away贈(zèng)送，泄露。
三、經(jīng)典句型
7．It is said／reported／believed／thought．．．that．．．．
It／Sth．is said．．．to do／be／have done／have been．．。．
據(jù)說／據(jù)報(bào)道／人們相信／人們認(rèn)為……
It is said to be the best book．but I don't find it interesting．
(It is said that it is the best book，．．．)據(jù)說這是最好的書，但我發(fā)現(xiàn)它沒有意思。
President Bush is reported to have won the election．
(=It is reposed that President Bush has won the election．)
據(jù)報(bào)道布什總統(tǒng)贏得了大選。
解題警示:
hope不能用于be hoped to do／be結(jié)構(gòu)。
It is hoped that he will come to the meeting．(right)
He is hoped to come to the meeting.(wrong)
【考題】(2002年全國)__________in Australia there is more land than the government knows what to do with it．
A．People is said B．It is said C．It says D。People are said
B 本題考查句型It is said that．．．的用法。It is said that．．．=People say．．．
四、詞語辨析
8．destroy／ruin／damage
destroy vt.摧毀，毀壞(某物)
ruin n．[u]毀壞，破壞；[常用復(fù)數(shù)]廢墟，遺跡 vt.毀壞，毀滅
in ruins成為廢墟
damage n．[u]損害，損失；[c]破損的地方 do / cause damage to
vt.損害，破壞
辨析以上三個(gè)動(dòng)詞的用法。
三個(gè)詞都有“毀滅”、“破壞”之意，但它們的含義不同：ruin強(qiáng)調(diào)毀滅的徹底性，并
且是一次性的行動(dòng)。這種毀滅也許力量不是很大，但其嚴(yán)重性卻使其不能修復(fù)。它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是腩坯的長期結(jié)果；destroy指通過某種有力的或粗暴的手段使之毀滅或無用，一般不能或很難修復(fù)，有時(shí)用于比喻意義；damage則指對價(jià)值和功能的破壞，多用于無生命的東西，一般還可以修復(fù)。
He has destroyed my hope．他破壞了我的希望。
The earthquake destroyed a lot of buildings．地震毀壞了許多樓房。
The storm ruined the crops．暴風(fēng)雨毀壞了莊稼。
The house across the street is in ruins．街道對面的房子已是一片廢墟。
The bridge was damaged by the flood． 那座橋梁被洪水損壞了。
解題警示:
destroy只能用作動(dòng)詞，，而ruin和damage既能用作動(dòng)詞又能用作名詞。
【考題】(2004年全國Ⅲ完形)Finally the police caught me_______a phone box that
had taken my last one pound coin．a(chǎn)nd I was ordered to see a psychiatrist(心理醫(yī)生)．A．destroying B．using C．stealing D．emptying
A從上文僅僅因?yàn)殡娫抦毆打老板判斷，作者在投完硬幣，無法繼自打電話時(shí)，發(fā)生了不理智的行為。catch sb．destroying．．．“抓住某人破壞……”。
【變式題1】An eaahquake struck this area,________a lot of damage．
A．making B．causing C．done D．caused
B．從搭配來看，mak與damage不搭配；“造成損失，損害”^do／cause damage；此處的動(dòng)詞與前面的句子構(gòu)成邏輯主謂關(guān)系，所以需用現(xiàn)在分詞充當(dāng)結(jié)果狀語。
五、語法要點(diǎn)
9．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語念
(1)要掌握現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，首先得學(xué)好現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的兩個(gè)基本用法。
①表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響，著重于現(xiàn)在的情況。
I have seen the film many times.這部電影我希過好多次了。(對內(nèi)容很熟悉)
②表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。
I have written a novel since last year．白去年以來我一直在寫一本小說o
(2)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成形式為be+過去分詞，其中過去分詞是不變的，被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)
have
態(tài)變化用be來表示。即現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式為：． ． been+過去分詞。 has
【考題】1．(2004年北京春招)I can’t see any coffee in this cupboard.___________?
A．Has it all been finished B．Was it all finished
C．Has it all finished D．Did it all finish
A 因?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在造成了影響(櫥框里沒有咖啡)，所以用完成時(shí)態(tài)。C項(xiàng)語態(tài)不對。
2．(2004全國Ⅲ)－The window is dirty. －I know. It __________ for weeks.
A．hasn't cleaned B．didn't clean C．wasn't cleaned D．hasn't been leaned
D 本題考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)it指上文提到的窗戶，它和clean之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以句中應(yīng)當(dāng)采用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。the window is dirty可看出窗戶到目前還臟的，所以應(yīng)當(dāng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。，
【變式題2】一Do you know our town at all?
－No．this is the first time I __________ here.
A． am sent B．was sent C．have sent D．have been sent
D this is the first time后從句中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，根據(jù)句意，要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)．
解題警示
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)的變化，第一、二、三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用“have been+過去分詞”，主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用“has been+過去分詞”。
六、交際用語
10．(1)提出意見和建議(Giving advice&Making suggestions)：
What sha11 we…? Maybe we could…．
Shall we．．．? I’d 1ike to．．．．
Can't we．．．? What／How about…?
Should we．．．? Why don't you…?
Let’s…． Why not．．．?
(2)接受意見和建議的交際用語：
All right．／OK．That’s al1 right．
Certainly．／Sure． Good idea．／That'S a good idea．
That sounds great． That sounds(1ike)a good idea．
I’d like／love to．．．‘
(3)拒絕意見和建議的交際用語：
I’m afraid that… I’m sorry，but…
I'd like／love to, but．.. It(That)sounds nice，but…
【考題】(2001年上海春招)一Let’s go swimming，shall we?一 ___________. ‘
A．It’s my pleasure B．It doesn't matter
C．Yes，1et's go. D．I agree with you.
C 當(dāng)對方用Let's…征求意見時(shí)，可以回答Yes，let's．…
【變式題3】一what about having a drink? -____________.
A．Good idea. B．Help yourself C．Go ahead，P1ease D．Me．too
A 。Good idea是接受建議的交際用語；Help yourself是就餐時(shí)的交際用語；Go ahead，please是回答別人請求的交際用語。
Unit 7語言點(diǎn)練習(xí)
1. --Daddy, what does the sign "V" mean?
--It________the word" victory?
A. presents B. shows C. represents D. means
2. My English knowledge is very_________though I have learned it for six years.
A. limit B. limits C. limiting D. limited
3.--How many people will attend the party?
--Ten, two children __________.
A. include B. to include C. including D, included
4.Science has brought ________ many changes in our lives.
A. up B. back C. about D. to
5.Many old houses were _________to _________ room for new buildings.
A. pulled out; take B. pushed down; make C. pulled down; make D. taken down; make
6.Blackmail is something that should never be ______; but that's easier said than done.
A. given up B. give in C. given up to D. given in to
7. that a new project will be started in our town.
A.It is believed B. We are believed C. It believes D. We believed
8.His bike was so badly_________ that it couldn't be repaired at all.
A. destroyed B. ruined C. damaged D. damaging
9.A large number of tall buildings ___________ in the past few years.
A. has been built B. have been built C. were, built D. have built
10.--Shall we begin now?
--Yes. All the preparations for the task ________ , and you may start,
A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed
11.--The room is so dirty, _______ we clean it? --Of course.
A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do
12. 1 am shocked to hear that your house ____ into.
A. has broken B. was broken C.has been broken D. have been broken
13.(2001年上海春招)一Let’s go swimming，shall we?一 ___________. ‘
A．It’s my pleasure B．It doesn't matter
C．Yes，1et's go. D．I agree with you.
14.一what about having a drink? -____________.
A．Good idea. B．Help yourself C．Go ahead，P1ease D．Me．too