Warming up
1. Cube n立方體；立方形；正六面體
The cube of 5 is 125. 5的立方是125。 The cube root of 27 is 3
Cubic adj.立方體的, 立方的 a cubic meter 立方米 引申：square n.正方形 平方
Speaking
2. benefit n.利益, 好處vt.有益于, 有助于vi.受益a public benefit公益disability benefits殘廢撫恤金(pl)救濟金
be of benefit to the people對人民有好處[U]
This dictionary will be of great benefit to me.這部字典將對我有很大裨益。
Exercise benefits our health.運動有益于我們的健康。
We benefit by [from] daily exercises.每天做操對我們有益。
It is said Yoga is of great benefit to human health.據說瑜咖功對人體健康有極大好處。
The plants benefited from the rain. 植物得益于這場雨。
3. range n.山脈vt.排列vi.平行, 延伸
range from… to…從……到……不等 vary from to
Tempertures here range from 10℃to 30℃ Prices ranged from 5 to 10 dollars.
a range of mountains一列山脈 a range of pictures 一系列畫片
the annual range of temperature每年的溫度變化范圍 a wide range of knowledge廣博的知識
4. all the way adv.從遠道, 自始至終, 一路上all the time adv.始終
Jack climbed all the way to the top of the tree.他一直爬上了樹頂。
5. property n.財產, 所有物, 所有權, 性質, 特性
This car is my property. 這車是我的財產。
Many plants have medicinal properties. 許多植物具有藥性。
6. break down 分解; 出故障，失敗，垮掉，破壞，把。。。分類，
引申： break a way (from sb/sth) 突然掙脫，逃脫；脫離；背叛
break in 強行進入，打斷，攪擾 break into sth 強行闖入，break off 斷開，折斷；突然終止
break out 爆發；break through 沖破，突破；break up 粉碎，破碎，結束；解散；拆開，絕交
7. whatever(=anything that)作為連接代詞引導名詞性從句，“無論什么，任何東西，一切事物” ，語氣比what強烈。
Whatever is left over is yours. You must do whatever is best for you.
Whatever book you want to read will be sent to your office. She is against whatever I am fond of.
8. Water is a liquid at room temperature and has a relatively high freezing point. 注意此句子的冠詞。
9. pure adj.純的, 純粹的, 純凈的, 無垢的, 純潔的, 完美的, 抽象的
pure gold 純金 The water in mountain rivers is usually pure. 在山間河流中的水通常是純凈的。
pure English 純正英語a pure mind 心地純潔 It was a pure accident.這全然是一次意外事故。 by pure chance 全憑運氣 pure science 純科學
10. dense adj.密集的, 濃厚的 density n.密度
Densely populated 人口密集的
11. mass n.塊, 大多數, 質量, 群眾, 大量
adj.群眾的, 大規模的, 集中的vt.使集合vi.聚集
Before the rain, the sky was a mass of clouds. 下雨前，天空有一團云。
（常與of連用）許多；大量
a mass of hot air一團熱空氣
I've masses of work to do.我有大量工作要去做。
the masses群眾, 民眾
Troops are massing on the frontier.軍隊在邊境集結。
Dark clouds massed, and we expected rain.烏云密集, 我們企盼下雨。
mass production大宗生產
a mass-circulation magazine大量發行的雜志
12. absorb vt.吸收, 吸引
This job absorbs all of my time. 這件工作占有了我的全部時間。
to absorb the full meaning of a remark 理解一句話的全部意義take in
He is absorbed in study.他專心讀書。
be absorbed in全神貫注在..., 一心從事, 熱衷于put heart into
absorb sb.'s attention吸引某人注意
13. give off 發出(蒸汽、光等)
Boiled water gives off steam. The flowers gave off a pleasant smell
引申：give sb/sth away 贈送，捐贈，泄露，暴露；give sb/sth back 還，歸還； give in (to sb /sth) 屈服； give off 放出，發出（氣味，熱，光等）；give out 用光，耗盡，分發，散發； give up 放棄；
Integrating skills
1. sensitive 感覺敏銳的，神經過敏的，敏感的 （~ (to sth)）
She is very sensitive to other people’s feelings. 她很能體諒他人的感情。
He’s very sensitive about his weight. 他很忌諱別人說他胖。
She’s very sensitive to criticism. 她一聽批評就急。
Health care is a politically sensitive issue. 醫療衛生是政界的一個敏感問題。
My teeth are very sensitive to cold food. 我的牙齒對冷食過敏。
an actor’s sensitive reading of the poem 演員對詩歌富有表現力的朗誦。
2. a variety of (同一事物)不同種類，多種式樣
There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from. 有種類繁多的圖案可供選擇。
He resigned for a variety of reasons. 他由于種種原因辭職了。
3. contribute （sth） to 捐獻，捐贈；增加，添進（到某物）；為。。。撰寫稿件
contribute to 是。。。的原因；
We contributed 5 000 to the earthquake fund. 我們給地震基金捐贈了5000美金。
Medical negligence was said to have contributed to her death. 據說醫務人員的玩忽職守是她死亡的原因之一。
Immigrants have contributed to British culture in many ways. 移民在許多方面都對英國文化有所貢獻。
She contributed a number of articles to the magazine. 她給這家報紙撰寫了一些稿件。
Unit 13 the water planet 知識清單
Warming up
1. Cube n_____; _________；正六面體
The cube of 5 is 125. The cube root of 27 is 3
Cubic adj.________ a cubic meter _______ 引申：square n.__________
Speaking
2. benefit n. ______ vt. ______ vi.受益a public benefit_____disability benefit_____
be of benefit to the people [U]This dictionary will be of great benefit to me.
Exercise benefits our health We benefit by [from] daily exercises
It is said Yoga is of great benefit to human health. The plants benefited from the rain.
3. range n. _________ vt_________ vi.平行, 延伸
range from… to…_________ vary from to
Tempertures here range from 10℃to 30℃ Prices ranged from 5 to 10 dollars.
a range of mountains a range of pictures the annual range of temperature
a wide range of knowledge
4. all the way adv. __________, 一路上
Jack climbed all the way to the top of the tree. all the time adv.
5. property n._________, 所有權, __________
This car is my property. Many plants have medicinal properties.
6. break down 分解; 出故障，失敗，垮掉，破壞，把。。。分類，
引申： break a way (from sb/sth) _____________break in _____________
break into sth_____________，break off _____________ break out_____________；break through _____________break up _____________
7. whatever(=anything that)作為連接代詞引導名詞性從句，“無論什么，任何東西，一切事物” ，語氣比what強烈。
Whatever is left over is yours.You must do whatever is best for you.
Whatever book you want to read will be sent to your office.She is against whatever I am fond of.
8. Water is a liquid at room temperature and has a relatively high freezing point. 注意此句子的冠詞。
9. pure adj. _____________, 無垢的, 純潔的, 完美的, 抽象的
pure gold The water in mountain rivers is usually pure.
pure English a pure mind It was a pure accident. by pure chance pure science
10. dense adj. _____________ 濃厚的 density n.密度 Densely populated _____________
11. mass n. _____________, 群眾, 大量
adj. _____________, 集中的vt.使集合vi.聚集Before the rain, the sky was a mass of clouds.
（常與of連用）許多；大量
a mass of hot air I've masses of work to do. the masses
Troops are massing on the frontier. Dark clouds massed, and we expected rain.
mass production a mass-circulation magazine
12. absorb vt.________
This job absorbs all of my time. to absorb the full meaning of a remark take in
He is absorbed in study. be absorbed in absorb sb.'s attention
13. give off _________
Boiled water gives off steam. The flowers gave off a pleasant smell
引申：give sb/sth away ______；give sb/sth back _______； give in (to sb /sth) ______； give off ____________；give out ____ give up __________；
Integrating skills
1. sensitive ___________ （~ (to sth)）
She is very sensitive to other people’s feelings. He’s very sensitive about his weight.
She’s very sensitive to criticism. Health care is a politically sensitive issue.
My teeth are very sensitive to cold food. an actor’s sensitive reading of the poem
2. a variety of ___________
There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from. He resigned for a variety of reasons.
3. contribute （sth） to ________________
contribute to ______________；
We contributed 5 000 to the earthquake fund.
Medical negligence was said to have contributed to her death.
Immigrants have contributed to British culture in many ways.
She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.
語法：情態動詞
情態動詞是高考考查的重點語法項目之一，2005年全國17套高考試題對此都有考查。下面就近幾年來高考試題中出現的情態動詞的考點進行歸納分析，以便同學們復習掌握。
一、情態動詞表推測
1. 肯定的推測一般用must, should, may（might）或could（不用can），其中，must的語氣最強，譯為“肯定”、“準是”、“想必是”；should的語氣次之，譯為“很可能”、“應該”，指按常理推測；may（might），could的語氣最弱，譯為“也許”、“可能”。
①Helen _______ go on the trip with us but she isn’t quite sure yet. （2005年安徽卷）
A. shall B. must C. may D. can
②-I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.
-It ___ Harry’s. He always wears green. （2005年廣東卷）
A. has to be B. will be C. mustn’t be D. could be
③I have lost one of my gloves. I _______ it somewhere.（2005年北京春季卷）
A. must drop B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped
④If I ____ plan to do anything I wanted to ,I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. （2005年湖北卷）
A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to （Key: C D B B）
2. 否定推測分為兩種情況：
1）語氣不很肯定時，常用may not, might not或could not，譯為“可能不”、“也許不”。
You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ______ not like the design of the furniture. （2004年上海春季卷）
A. must B. shall C. may D. need Key： C
2）否定語氣較強時，則用can’t，譯為“根本不可能”、“想必不會”，表示驚異、懷疑的感情色彩。
①-Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.
-Well. He ______ have gone far--his coat’s still here.（2005年湖北卷）
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t
②- Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?
- No, it _______ be him I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. （2004年全國卷Ⅰ）
A. can’t B. must not C. won’t D. may not ey: C A
3. 疑問句中的推測，往往用can或could。
Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ______ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？（2001年上海春季卷）
A. can B. should C. may D. must Key：A
4. 對已發生事情的肯定推測常用“must, may, might等+完成式”；否定推測常用“can, could, may, might等+完成式”。
①I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _______ at least 150 kilometers an hour.（2005年重慶卷）
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing C. could have done D. would have done
②He _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by seaside. （2005年北京卷） A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t
③-Tom is never late for work. Why is be absent today? -Something ________ to him. （2005年江西卷）
A. must happen B. should have happened C. could have happened D. must have happened
④ My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he_____your lecture.（2000年上海卷）
A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have atterded
C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended Key: B B D A
二、“情態動詞+完成式”
1. “should（ought to）+完成式”表示本應該做某事而實際上沒有做。其否定式表示某種行為不該發生但卻發生了。
①-I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. - You________ her last week.（2004年福建）
A． ought to tell B． would have told C． must tell D． should have told
②Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach, I _____ so much fried chicken just now. （2002年上海春季卷）
A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat Key: D C
2. “could+完成式”表示本來能夠做成某事的但結果沒能做成，含有遺憾的意味。
He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. （2005年山東卷）
A. could B. would C. must D. need Key：A
3. “needn’t+不定式的完成式”表示本來不必做某事而實際上做了某事。例如：
You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要澆花的，因為天就要下雨了。
- Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
- Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. （2005年福建卷）
A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done Key: B
三、常見的情態動詞
1. shall用于一、三人稱疑問句表示征求對方意見；用于二、三人稱陳述句表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅等。
①“The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides，” declared the judge. （2004年重慶卷）
A. may B. should C. must D. shall
②-Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
- You ______ have my computer if you don’t take care of it. （2004年湖南卷）
A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
③ - The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it?
- Of course. （2003年北京春季卷）
A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do Key: D A B
2. must用于疑問句，表示責備、抱怨的感情色彩，意思為“偏偏，偏要”；mustn’t表示禁止，是說話人強有力的勸告。
①John, look at the time. _______ you play the piano at such a late hour？ （2005年全國卷Ⅲ）
A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need
②Tom, you leave all your clothes on the floor like this！ （2005年全國卷Ⅰ）
A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not Key: A B
3. needn’t表示“沒有必要”。
- Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.
- She ______. I’ve already borrowed one. （2005年湖南卷）
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t Key: C
4. would表示過去反復發生的動作或某種傾向。
When he was there, he ___ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.（1996年上海卷）
A. would B. should C. had better D. might Key: A
5. 表示經過努力而成功的某一次動作，只能用was/were able to，而不能用could。
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____ get out. （1997年全國卷）
A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could Key：C
6. 考查情態動詞用作答語的情況
①-Write to me when you get home. - _______. （2001年北京春季卷）
A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
② - Could I call you by your first name？ -Yes, you ______. （1998年上海卷）
A. will B. could C. may D. might Key：C C