一、教學(xué)目的和要求
1．單詞和詞組：
dream of come true seldom even though (=even if)
matter as though (=as if) in need of
as a matter of fact bathroom
conductor
tourist hopefully
disabled platform slightly prevent prevent…from
brain sense hearing tongue nervous
probable
end up blind enter treatment splendid painting clinic national flag fox declare seize
conduct forward
disability wheelchair
Stephen Hawking Cambridge best-seller musician Beethoven
attitude deaf
at the least video look forward to
2．日常交際用語：
It’s a beautiful day today. It’s a bit…today, isn’t it?
Hopefully tomorrow will turn out fine.
So far as I know, tomorrow should be fine, too.
You said that you hoped… I hope so. Have a good day.
3．學(xué)習(xí)倒裝句的用法。
二、重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)
L.77
1．Hopefully tomorrow will turn out fine. 明天有希望轉(zhuǎn)晴。
a）句中的hopefully是修飾全句的狀語，意為“有希望地”。例如：
Hopefully our team will win the game and win a medal.
我們隊(duì)有希望贏得這場比賽并得塊獎牌。
“We are sure that we can finish the task in a day or two” they said hopefully.
他們倍心十足地說：“我們肯定能在一兩天內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。
hopefully在本句中是美國口語的用法，意思是It is hoped that…。
b）句中的turn out是一個多意詞組，它的語義要根據(jù)上下文來決定，可以作“結(jié)果是……”解，也可以作“最后情況是……”解。例如：
It rained this morning, but it turned out fine. 今天上午還下雨呢，但下午天就晴了。
She turned out to be a friend of my sister. 她原來是我妹妹的朋友。
The job turned out to be harder than we thought. 這項(xiàng)工作結(jié)果比我們想的要難。
在以上的句子中，turn out分別作“其結(jié)果是……”“最后情況是……”解。
2．I’ve always dreamt of coming to China, and now my dream has come true.
我一直夢想來中國，現(xiàn)在我的夢終于實(shí)現(xiàn)了。
句中的dream一詞既是名詞，也可以作動詞（及物動詞或不及物動詞），意為“夢”，“夢想”，其結(jié)構(gòu)為dream of doing sth.或dream+that從句。例如：
The boy told me that he had dreamt a very strange dream.
男孩告訴我他做了一個很怪的夢。
My son’s dream is to be an actor. 我兒子的理想是當(dāng)一個演員。
He dreams of becoming a famous violinist one day.
他夢想有朝一日能成為一名著名的小提琴演奏家。
I never dreamt that I’d see you again. 我絕沒想到還能看見你。
3．I seldom have any difficulties. 我很少有困難。
a）seldom在句中是副詞，作“很少”，“不常”解，通常用在動詞前。例如：
I seldom go out on Sundays. 星期日我很少外出。
We seldom see him do his homework when he is at school.
我們很少看見他在學(xué)校做作業(yè)。
seldom視為否定詞，因此句子一般被視為否定句，若后面跟反意疑問句時，應(yīng)用肯定式。例如：
His wife seldom spends money on clothes, does she?
他的妻子很少花錢買衣服，是嗎？
注意：類似的詞還有hardly, rarely, never等。
b）句中的difficulty為可數(shù)名詞，作“難事”、“難做的事”解，但在句型 “have difficulty (in) doing sth.中，difficulty是不可數(shù)名詞，意思是“困難”、“艱難”、“費(fèi)力”解。例如：
With the help of my friends, I’ve overcome difficulties in my study.
在朋友的幫助下，我克服了學(xué)習(xí)中的困難。
The students have difficulty in understanding the sentence.
學(xué)生們理解這個句子有困難。
4．But I’m determined to enjoy myself as much as possible, even though I can’t see everything.
但我決定盡可能地玩?zhèn)�痛快，即使我看不到所有的地方。
句中的even though是連詞詞組，作“即使”、“盡管”、“縱然”解，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，例如：
Even though he is very nice, I don’t really trust him.
盡管他很好，我并不真正信任他。
The farmers are working in the fields even though it is raining hard.
盡管下著雨，可是農(nóng)夫們?nèi)栽谔镩g工作著。
有時even though可以用even if代替，例如：
We shall go to visit the place of interest even if it rains tomorrow.
即使明天下雨，我們明天也將去參觀名勝。
They will stand by you even if you don’t succeed. 盡管你不成功，他們也仍將支持你。
5．It’s a pleasure. What time is it by your watch, please?
不必客氣。請問您的表幾點(diǎn)了？
句中的pleasure為名詞，意為“快樂”、“愿望”、“意向”
“Will you join us?” “Thank you, with pleasure”.
“你愿意和我們一起去嗎？”“謝謝你，非常愿意”。
It’s my pleasure to help those who have difficulties in their study.
我愿意幫助學(xué)習(xí)上有困難的人。
To work with him is a pleasure to me. 同他一起工作對我來說是件快樂的事。
L.78
1．That is because this professor has a disease which prevents him from speaking, ….
這是因?yàn)檫@位教授患有影響他發(fā)音的疾病，…
句中的詞組prevent sb. from doing sth.作“阻止……發(fā)生”，“阻止（某人）做某事”解，其中的from一詞可以省略。例如：
There was nothing to prevent her from doing so. 沒有什么能阻止她去那樣做。
Who prevented their plans from being carried out?
誰阻止他們的計(jì)劃實(shí)施了？
The rain prevented me (from) coming that day.
那天這場雨使我不能來這兒。
The driver’s quick reaction prevented an accident from happening.
司機(jī)的快速反映避免了一場事故的發(fā)生。
與prevent…from doing…相同的詞組還有：stop…from doing…, keep…from doing以及persuade…from doing.
2．Not only does he have to type out the answer on a computer, but he also gets the computer to translate into sounds.
他不僅要把答案在電腦上打出來，而且還要讓電腦把它譯成聲音。
a）這是一個倒裝句。以not only開頭的句子，常用倒裝語序，即助動詞（did, does, have|+主語+動詞的原形，而but also部分不倒裝）。除了not only…but also句型外，含有否定意義的副詞或連詞放在句首時，也常用倒裝語序。這些詞有，not, never, little, seldom, hardly等。例如：
Not a single word did I hear. 我一個字也沒聽見。
Never have I seen such a sad movie. 我從沒看過這么悲慘的電影。
Not only does she play the piano well, but she also sings well.
她不僅鋼琴彈得好，唱得也很好。
Seldom does he go to see his parents. 他很少去看望他的父母。
b）句中的translate…into…意為“將……翻譯成……”，表達(dá)這一意思是，還可以用詞組put…into…以及turn…into…。例如：
This novel has been translated into several languages.
這部小說已被譯成好幾種語言了。
The teacher asked his students to translate those sentences into Chinese.
老師讓他的學(xué)生們將那些句子譯成中文。
3．The case of Professor Stephen Hawking is one example of the many disabled people who have achieved success in their chosen field of work.
斯蒂芬霍金教授只是許多在自己可選擇的領(lǐng)域里取得成功的殘疾人中的一例。
a）case在句中作“情況”、“案件”、“實(shí)情”、“事例”解。例如：
That isn’t the case with Peter. 彼得的情況并不如此。
I must leave if that’s the case. 如果情況如此的話，我必須離開。
His case is a particular one. 他的情況特殊。
Such being the case, you can’t stand by. 既然情況如此，你不能袖手旁觀。
另外，case一詞還可以與介詞in一起連用，這時in case一起作復(fù)合連詞，引導(dǎo)狀語從句，作“萬一”，“如果”解。例如：
In case he comes, please let me know. 如果他來的話，請告訴我一聲。
Take warm clothes in case the weather is cold. 請帶些保暖的衣服以防天涼。
In case he arrives before I get back, please ask him to wait.
萬一他在我回來之前到了，請讓他等著。
b）句中的achieve一詞意思是“取得”、“達(dá)到”、“實(shí)現(xiàn)”，相當(dāng)于動詞gain, complete。例如：
If you don’t work hard, you’ll achieve nothing. 如果不努力工作，你將一無可獲。
The scientist hoped to achieve the aims by the end of year.
這位科學(xué)家希望在年底前達(dá)到他的目標(biāo)。
achievement是achieve一詞的名詞，意為“成就”、“成績”，這時常用作復(fù)數(shù)。
4．Although he had a disease of the brain which was getting worse, he decided to continue with his research and writing.
盡管他患有正在惡化的腦疾，他依然決心繼續(xù)研究和寫作。
句中的continue作不及物動詞，后接介詞with，意思是“繼續(xù)（做某事）”，相當(dāng)于go on with sth.例如：
The children asked the old man to continue with his story.
孩子們請求老人繼續(xù)講故事。
Though the teacher was out of the classroom, the students continued with their homework.
雖然老師離開了教室，但學(xué)生們?nèi)岳^續(xù)做功課。
continue還可以作及物動詞，也作“繼續(xù)（干某事）”解，后面的賓語可以是不定式，也可以是名詞或~ing形式。例如：
She continued the work day after day. 她日復(fù)一日地繼續(xù)這項(xiàng)工作。
They continued working as if nothing had happened.
他們繼續(xù)工作著，好像什么事情都沒發(fā)生過似的。
5．Beethoven, who lived from 1770~1827, lost his hearing, yet continued to write great music.
貝多芬（1770~1827）失去了聽力，但仍然繼續(xù)寫出了偉大的音樂作品。
句中的yet是一個很活躍的詞，它可以作副詞，也可以作連詞。例如：
a）yet用于否定句和疑問句中，意思是“還（沒有）”，與already相對：
I don’t want to go away yet. 我還不想離開呢。
“Has he come yet?” “No, not yet”. 他來了嗎？沒有。他還沒來呢！
b）yet有時也用肯定句中，表示“還”、“仍”的意思。
Much yet remains to be done. 還有許多事要做呢！
I’ve a few more pages to read yet. 我還有幾頁要讀。
c）yet和比較被連用，表示“更（加）”，“再”，例如：
You must work harder yet. 你必須更加努力地工作。
I have yet more exciting news for you. 我還有更加激動人心的消息告訴你。
d）作連詞時，yet表示“但是”、“盡管如此”。例如：
He said he was our friend, yet he wouldn’t help us.
他說他是我們的朋友，但是他不愿意幫助我們。
I have failed, yet I shall try again. 我沒成功，但我將再試一次。
yet有時連接二個形容詞，表示“卻”的意思。例如：
It’s strange yet true. 這很奇怪但卻是真的。
Our teacher is kind yet fair. 我們老師很和善卻很公平。
當(dāng)and (but) yet連用時，表示“但是”的意思。例如：
I offered him a lot, and yet he wasn’t satisfied. 我給予他很多，但是他仍不滿足。
She is a funny girl, and yet I don’t like her. 她是一個有趣的小姑娘，但是我不喜歡她。
L.79
1．Some people have the wrong attitude towards people with disabilities, considering them to be stupid. 有些人對殘疾人持有不正確的態(tài)度，認(rèn)為他們愚蠢。
a）句中的attitude為名詞，是“態(tài)度”的意思，有時表示“看法”之意，如果指“對……的態(tài)度”時，多與介詞“to”或“toward(s)”連用。例如：
I haven’t yet made up my mind what attitude to adopt towards her.
我還沒打定注意對她采取什么態(tài)度。
What’s your attitude towards this idea? 你對這個主意有什么看法？
b）句中的considering them to be stupid是~ing短評，在句中作狀語，表示伴隨的動作。同時也可以把全句理解為相當(dāng)一個具有兩個并例謂語動詞的簡單句，既Some people have the wrong attitude towards people with disabilities and consider them to be stupid.
c）consider作“認(rèn)為”解，后面跟帶不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：consider sb./sth. to be…
意思是“認(rèn)為……是……”。例如：
Do you consider that to be important? 你認(rèn)為那件事情重要嗎？
You can’t consider him to be a selfish man. 你不能認(rèn)為他是一個自私的人。
The boy was considered to have stolen the money. 人們都認(rèn)為這個男孩偷了錢。
2．As a matter of fact, many people have a disability. 事實(shí)上，許多人患有某種殘疾。
句中的as a matter of fact與in fact, actually同義。意思是“實(shí)際上”，“確實(shí)”，“事實(shí)是”。例如：
He appears to be healthy, but as a matter of fact he suffers from a very weak heart.
他看上去很健康，其實(shí)他的心臟有毛病。
As a matter of fact, I don’t know her. 不瞞你說，我不認(rèn)識她。
I hearred it yesterday, as a matter of fact. 事實(shí)上我昨天就得知這一消息了。
3．Even if none of this is true for us today, it is probable that one day well end up with a disability. 即使我們今天沒有任何殘疾，將來有一個也會以某種傷疾告終。
a）even if/though意為“即使”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，它既可以用直陳語氣，也可以用虛擬語氣。如：
Even if you don’t go tomorrow, we’ll go. 即使你明天不去，我們也要去。
Even though he had been sent to the hospital at once, he could not have been saved.
即使他被立刻送進(jìn)醫(yī)院，他也不會得救。
b）end up with意為“以……結(jié)束”，它的反義詞組是begin/start with, “以……開始”。例如：
The lecturer began his speech with a polite “Good morning, everyone” and ended up his speech with “Thank you for your listening”.
這位演講者以一句禮貌的“大家早上好”開始了他的演說，并以“謝謝大家的光臨”結(jié)束了他的演說。
The party ended up with the singing of Auld Lang Syne. 晚會在“友誼地久天久”的歌聲中結(jié)束。
4．It is often thought that disabilities are total. 人們常認(rèn)為殘疾就是完全殘廢。
句中的total是形容詞，意為“全部的”，“完全的”，通常作定語。但也可用作名詞，意思是“總數(shù)”，“總額”。例如：
What is the total population of the world? 世界人口的總數(shù)是多少？
The total number of the students in this school is 1,800.
這個學(xué)校學(xué)生的總?cè)藬?shù)是1,800人。
His debts reached a total of 2,000 yuan. 他的債務(wù)總額達(dá)二千元。
5．Once, people would often be referred to as “deaf” or “blind”.
曾經(jīng)一段時間，人們經(jīng)常被說成是“聾子”或“瞎子”。
refer to sth. as sth.的意思是“將……說成……”。例如：
I don’t know why he refers to his sister as a silly cow.
我不知道為什么他把他的妹妹稱作蠢女人。
People sometimes refer to the map of Italy as a boot.
人們有時將意大利地圖說成是一只靴子。
有時，speak of…as…可以替換refer to…as…。例如：
Don’t speak of your sister as a silly cow.
6．So we must make sure that they can enter and use all parts of the building.
因此我們必須確保他們能夠進(jìn)得去，能夠使用樓里的各種設(shè)施。
句中的make sure意為“查明”，“弄肯定”，“沒法做到”，后面跟從句，介詞短語或不定式。例如：
He looked behind him to make sure he was not being followed.
他回頭看看以確定沒人跟蹤他。
Have you made sure that the train has not left? 你確信火車還沒離開嗎？
Let’s make sure of the house before we buy it. 在買這棟房子之前，咱們再查看一下吧。
Make sure to turn off the lights before you go out. 一定要在出門前把燈關(guān)掉。
Have you made sure of the time of the plane? 飛機(jī)起飛的時間搞清楚了嗎？
7．They love having lots of friends, so do those with disabities.
他們喜歡廣交朋友，殘疾人也一樣。
“So do those with disabilities”是一種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，用so時表示“也”，而用nor/neither這一例裝結(jié)構(gòu)時，表示“也不”。例如：
──I like, sports. 我喜歡運(yùn)動。
──So do I. 我也喜歡。
──I’ve never been to Shenzhen. 我從未去過深圳。
──Neither have I. 我也從未去過。
──She isn’t going to the movie. 她不打算去看這個電影。
──Neither is her brother. 她的弟弟也不去。
8．Though we are all different, we need never be separate.
雖然我們有著各種差異，但是決沒有必要分開。
a）need在句中作情態(tài)動詞，后面跟動詞原形，意思是“需要”，“必須”，“有必要”，通常用于否定句中。例如：
You needn’t tell him about it. 你沒必要把這件事告訴他。
We needn’t discuss it further. 我們不必進(jìn)一步討論這事兒了。
You needn’t hurry. It’s still early. 不必著急，還早著呢！
need作為情態(tài)動詞時，也常用于問句中。例如：
──Need he do it at once? 他必須馬上就干嗎？
──No, he needn’t. 不，不必。
Why need you go today? 你為什么必須今天去呢？
b）need也可以作及物動詞，意為“需要”，后面常跟名詞（代詞），不定式及~ing形式。例如：
They’re certain to need help. 他們肯定需要幫助。
It’s a question that needs very careful consideration. 這是一個需要仔細(xì)考慮的問題。
You look tired. You need a rest. 你看不去很累，需要休息。
They didn’t need to arrive so early. 他們不必要來那么早。
I need to get away and rest up a little. 我需要離開稍作休息。
Does she need to know when we’ll start? 他需要了解我們什么時候動身嗎？
Your bike needs repairing. 你的自行車需要修理了。
c）need還可以作名詞，這時為不可數(shù)名詞，意為“需要”，“必要（性）”，例如：
There is no need to worry at all. 根本沒必要擔(dān)心。
We have no need of your advice. 我們不需要你的建議。
當(dāng)need用作名詞時，常用于詞組“in need of”之中，作“需要”解。例如：
He was hurt and in need of help. 他受了傷而且需要幫助。
He was not in need of money. 他不需要錢。
They are in great need of doctors and nurses. 他們極需醫(yī)生和護(hù)士。
Grammar（語法） Inversion（倒裝）
在本單元中出現(xiàn)了這樣的句子，“In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor”。在英國一所大學(xué)的報(bào)告廳里，坐著一位教授。
這是一個由介詞短語方位狀語引起的倒裝句，這類的倒裝句要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
a）句前必須是方位副詞或方位介詞短語；
b）動詞常常是表示存在和位置移動的動詞；
c）倒裝的方法是動詞全部放在主語之前，而不用助動詞，這種倒裝稱為“全倒裝”。例如：
In front of our classroom stands a tall tree. 我們教室前面有一棵大樹。
Along the dusty road come a group of visitors. 路上來了一行游人。