Lesson 49
Step 1 Revision
1. Ask the students to tell what they did during the winter vacation.
2. Ask the students the names of as many famous scientists as they know. Collect their names on the Bb. Ask the Ss to explain to the class what each person did. Add phrases next to the scientists’ names.
Step 2 Presentation
Ask the students if they have heard of the scientist Albert Einstein. Collect as much information as possible from the students and write this information on the Bb.
Name: Albert Einstein
Born:
Died:
Worked:
Scientific research:
What he got for his new discoveries:
Moved to the USA:
Studies:
Doctor’s degree received:
Interests:
Step 3 Listening
1. Read the introduction to the students.
2. Play the tape for the students to listen.
3. Ask the students the question: Who are the four famous people in the dialogue? (Lincoln, Marx, Bell, Einstein.)
Step 4 Dialogue
1. Play the tape for the students to listen and follow.
2. Go through the dialogue briefly and make sure the students understand it
3. Let the students to practise the dialogue in-groups of four.
4. Ask one group to act the scene in front of the class.
Step 5 Language points
1. I’m doing a word puzzle in the newspaper.
* do a word puzzle/ do a puzzle in words 猜字謎 puzzle 難題，難以解釋的東西，如：
How life began is still a puzzle.
The murder case was a puzzle to the police.
* puzzle Vt. 使人迷惑不解
The murder case continued to puzzle the police.
We were all puzzled at his words.
This is a puzzling case.
Step 5 Guessing game
1. Read the instructions aloud. Demonstrate （示范) how to play this guessing game with a groups of Ss. Write the name of a famous person on a piece of paper. Fold it so that it cannot be seen. Make students to ask you questions. You are only able to answer Yes or No. Then let the students play this game in groups of four.
2. Ex.1 can be done here.
Step 6. Workbook
1. Ex.1. Do the first sentence with the whole class as a demonstration. Explain the sentence structure to them. Then pairwork. Finally check the answers with the whole class.
2. Ex.3.
Step 7 consolidation
Tell the students about a famous without mentioning his/ her name. After each sentence, pause and allow three guesses. Then say another sentence with more information about the person, and so on. When the class guess correctly, choose another person and start again.
Homework
Finish off the Workbook exercises.
Lesson 50
Teaching aims and demands:
1.Words and useful expressions:
scientific, darkness, shy, content, go on with, lead to, discovery, worldwide, the Nobel Prize, cheque, bookmark, human right, peace, prove, bent, work out, stick to, respect, leading, sadness, Swiss, take sides in, rule, fuel
2. Grammar: noun clauses used as subject.
3. Reading comprehension: references
Key points:
1.Words and grammar
2. Reading comprehension
3. References
Teaching methods: Reading-practice
Time arrangement:
These two lessons are to be finished in three teaching periods. In the first period, we are going to progress from Step 1~5. The students are supposed to get a gist of the text “Albert Einstein”. In the second period, we will smooth away the language difficulties, the in the third period, we finish off the rest steps of teaching.
Teaching procedures:
Step 1. Revision
1. Check the homework exercises.
2. Revise the key points of Lesson 49.
Step 2. Presentation
Talk about Albert Einstein, collect the information provided by the students and write them on the bb.
Step 3. Skimming
Read the two passages and answer the following questions:
(1) What scientific work is Einstein famous for? (physics)
(2) Where did he spend the last part of his life? (the US)
(3) What was Einstein’s discovery in the text? (light becomes bent when passing the
stars)
Step 4. Scanning
Now get the students to read the two texts more carefully, and answer the questions on P74~75 of Workbook. Do orally with the class. The italic part sentences are possible answers from the text.
1.When and where was Einstein born?
Albert Einstein was born in Germany on March 14th, 1879.
2.How did Einstein manage to study at university in Switzerland?
To earn enough money to continue his studies, he worked in Switzerland first as a teacher, then in a government office. With the pay that he received and saved, he went on with his studies at university in Switzerland.
3.Why was the period between 1905 and 1915 an important one for Einstein?
During that period, he began the research and studies which led to his new discoveries in physics.
4.What was he given for his scientific research in physics in 1921?
He was given the Nobel Prize for Physics.
5.Did Einstein care for money? How do you know?
In 1933 Einstein and his family left Europe for the USA. He had been invited to teach at a university there. He accepted the job of Professor of Physics, but asked for very little money. He had never been interested in becoming rich. He once refused to speak on the radio for $ 1,000 a minute. Another time someone saw him using a cheque for $ 1,500 as a bookmark. Then he lost the book!
6.What else did he work for besides his scientific research?
Besides his work in physics, he spent a lot of time working for human rights and progress.
7.Why was he so fond of music?
It was said that he found in music the peace which was missing in the world full of wars and killings.
8.What kind of person do you think Einstein was?
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century's greatest scientist.
9.What can we learn from Albert Einstein?
His devotion to science, his simple way of life and his love for peace.
Step 5. Reading comprehension
The following statements are mainly based on the second half of the text. Tell them are true or false.
(F) 1.Einstein proved that light travelled through space in a straight line.
(T) 2.Einstein’s discovery was completely new at that time.
(T) 3.Many of the scientists did not accept Einstein's scientific ideas at first.
(F) 4.Einstein had to stop his research because he couldn't prove his ideas.
(T) 5.By 1919 he quickly became world-famous because the scientists who had been watching the stars supported his work.
(F) 6.He took Swiss nationality in 1909 in order to study there.
(T) 7.He hated war and he thought fighting and killing in wars was wrong.
(F) 8.Germany was ruled by Hitler during the First World War.
(F) 9.Einstein and his family left Europe for the USA in 1933 because he
was afraid of being killed in the war.
Step 6. Language points of the texts
1. When he was a young boy he used to ask lots of questions...
在孩童時(shí)代，他常常問(wèn)許多問(wèn)題……
used to do sth. 意為“過(guò)去常常做某事”，在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意兩點(diǎn)區(qū)別：
(1) 與would的區(qū)別：
used to一般不和過(guò)去的頻度狀語(yǔ)連用，而would可以。used to既表示狀態(tài)，也表示反復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，而would只表示反復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，如：
When I was young, I used to have a lot more free time than I do now. I used to live near my work and would always get home early. Sometimes I would do a bit of gardening or go for a long walk.我年輕時(shí)比我現(xiàn)在空閑得多。我過(guò)去的居所離工作地點(diǎn)近，因此常常早早回家。有時(shí)我干點(diǎn)園藝活或散散步。
注意句中的used to have和used to live表示持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，不可用would，而和always及sometimes連用的would因?yàn)橛斜硎绢l度的狀語(yǔ)從而不能用used to替代。
(2) 與be used to doing sth.和be used to do sth.的區(qū)別：
be used to doing sth.意為“習(xí)慣于做某事”，be used to doing sth.意為“被用來(lái)干什么”，而used to do sth.意為“過(guò)去常常做某事”，如：
He used to bring me roses when he came to see me.
過(guò)去他來(lái)看我時(shí)常帶玫瑰花。
I'm used to doing jogging in the morning now.
我習(xí)慣于早上慢跑。
Computers can be used to do a lot of work now.
如今電腦可用來(lái)做許多事。
2. By the time he was fourteen years old, he had learned maths all by himself. 到他14歲那年，他已自學(xué)了數(shù)學(xué)。
(1) by oneself 意為“獨(dú)自”，相當(dāng)于 alone。反身代詞可以組成一些習(xí)語(yǔ)和詞組，如：I'm not myself today. 我今天不舒服。The emperor wished to see the cloth for himself.皇帝想親眼看看這種布。The door opened of itself.門(mén)自動(dòng)開(kāi)了。Bob has taught himself German for four years.鮑勃自學(xué)了四年德語(yǔ)。The little girl dare not stay at the lonely cottage by herself.那個(gè)小女孩不敢單獨(dú)留在那荒涼的小房子里。
(2) by與時(shí)間名詞連用時(shí)一般表示“到某時(shí)為止”，由于終點(diǎn)時(shí)間不同，其后所接的時(shí)態(tài)也不同。此外，狀態(tài)性的動(dòng)詞多用一般時(shí)，而動(dòng)作性的動(dòng)詞多用完成時(shí)，如：By the time he was fourteen years old, he knew he would become a scientist.到他14歲那年，他意識(shí)到他將成為一名科學(xué)家。By the time he was fourteen years old, he had learned two thousand words.到他14歲那年，他已學(xué)了2000個(gè)詞。By the end of last year, we had set up another two branches in this area.到去年年底，我們已經(jīng)在這個(gè)地區(qū)建立了兩個(gè)分部。By now, several bridges have been built over the Changjiang River.到目前為止，長(zhǎng)江上已經(jīng)建了好幾座橋。By the end of this century, China will have become a more powerful country in the world.到本世紀(jì)末，中國(guó)將成為世界上更強(qiáng)大的國(guó)家。
3. He found it hard to get along with the other boys. 他覺(jué)得很難與其它男孩相處 get along/on可以作為不及物動(dòng)詞詞組使用，也可以加介詞with后接名詞，代詞或名詞詞組，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞詞組。如：
How are you getting along/on? 你最近情況如何?
How is he getting along/on with his French? 他的法語(yǔ)進(jìn)展如何?
All the students in this room are getting along/on with each other very well. 這個(gè)寢舍的同學(xué)們相處融洽。
4. All through his life Einstein was content to spend most of his time alone...
content 意為“滿足的”、“滿意的”、“愿意的”。content 是表語(yǔ)形容詞，一般不作定語(yǔ)作用。content作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面常常接介詞with或動(dòng)詞不定式。
Are you content with your present salary? 你對(duì)目前的薪水滿意嗎?
She is always content with very little. 她總是很容易滿足。
I should be well content to do so. 我很樂(lè)意這樣做。
content 也可以作為名詞使用，但語(yǔ)義與形容詞相差甚遠(yuǎn)，在使用時(shí)需注意區(qū)別。如：What do you think of the content of the film? 你認(rèn)為這部電影的內(nèi)容如何?
Can you calculate the content of the tube? 你能計(jì)算出試管的容量嗎?
5. With the pay that he received and saved, he went on with his studies at university, where he received a doctor's degree in 1905. 他用自己掙來(lái)和節(jié)省的錢(qián)繼續(xù)在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)，于1905年獲得了一個(gè)博士學(xué)位。
(1) 這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，其中包含了兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。That he received and saved修飾the pay, where he received a doctor's degree in 1905修飾university。
(2) receive 意為“受到”或“收到”，語(yǔ)義與accept有別，accept意為“(主動(dòng)地)接受”如：I received his invitation yesterday, but I didn't accept it. 我昨天收到他的請(qǐng)柬，但沒(méi)有接受。
(3) pay 是不可數(shù)名詞，意為“薪金”或“報(bào)酬”，常用low/high修飾，如：
He gets his pay each Friday. 他每星期五領(lǐng)薪金。
Success is often the pay for hard work. 成功往往是勤奮的回報(bào)。
(4) receive/win/get a doctor's degree, 意為“獲得博士學(xué)位”，類似的結(jié)構(gòu)有 receive/win/get a master's degree/a bachelor's degree，意為“獲得碩士/學(xué)士學(xué)位”。注意學(xué)位前的不定冠詞，如：
Mike received a doctor's degree of/in physics in Princeton University last semester.
麥克上學(xué)期在普林斯頓大學(xué)獲得了一個(gè)博士學(xué)位。
6. ... he began the research and studies which led to his new discoveries in physics. 他開(kāi)始了研究，這些研究使他在物理學(xué)領(lǐng)域有了新的發(fā)現(xiàn)。
(1) lead to 是一個(gè)活躍的詞組，意為“通向”、“導(dǎo)致”、“使得”等等，其常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)是 lead to sth. 或 lead sb.to sth. 或lead sb. to do sth.。如：
(2) All roads lead to Rome. 條條道路通羅馬。
Hard work and proper ways will lead you to success. 勤奮的工作和正確的方法會(huì)使你成功。
What led you to believe him? 是什么使得你相信他的?
(2) research 既是動(dòng)詞，也是名詞，意為“研究”，如：He has gone to India to do some research on the culture there. 為了研究印度文化他去了印度。
The scientists have been researching into the cause of the AIDS. 科學(xué)家們一直在研究愛(ài)滋病的病因。
7. He accepted the job of Professor of physics, but asked for very little money. 他接受了物理學(xué)教授的職位，但要求的薪水甚少。
派生詞：acceptable adj. 可以接受的 acceptance n. ［U］ 接受；贊同
If this condition is acceptable to you, that's settled then. 如果這項(xiàng)條件你可以接受，那就這么定了。
Professor Smith's suggestion met with general acceptance. 史密斯教授的建議受到普遍的贊同。
8. He once refused to speak on the radio for $ 1,000 a minute. Another time someone saw him using a cheque for $ 1,500 as a bookmark.有一次，他拒絕作每分鐘1,000 美元的廣播講話。還有一次，有人看見(jiàn)他用一張1,500美元的支票作書(shū)簽。
1) for $ 1,000 a minute 意為“以每分鐘1,000美元的價(jià) 格”，for在這里相當(dāng)于 at the price of。又如：
The couple bought the house for $ 200,000. 這對(duì)夫婦花了20萬(wàn)美元買了這座房子。
They got the 51% of the shares of the company for100,000,000 dollars.
他們花了1億美元買下了這家公司的51%的股份。
2) a cheque for 1,500注意介詞for表示“代表”之意.
3) use...as... 也可以用作 use...for..., 意為“將……作為……使用”，又如：
You may use this box as/for a seat. 你可將這箱子當(dāng)作座位。
4) Once... Another time... 注意上下兩句中的關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“一次……還有一次……”。 在寫(xiě)作時(shí)用一些關(guān)聯(lián)詞可使句與句之間、段落與段落之間關(guān)系緊湊。
9. Einstein lived the rest of his life quietly in the USA. 愛(ài)因斯坦在美國(guó)寧?kù)o地度過(guò)了余生。rest作為“余留者”使用時(shí)，必須與the連用。本課中便是如此。試比較：
Rest is necessary after hard work. 辛辛苦苦勞動(dòng)后休息是必要的。
Pick out what is useful and throw the rest away.挑出有用的，將其余的扔掉。
John and I are going to play tennis. What are the rest of you going to do?
約翰和我要去打網(wǎng)球，你們其他人干什么?
10. Einstein had always been fond of music and had learned music as a young boy. 愛(ài)因斯坦一直酷愛(ài)音樂(lè)，幼時(shí)曾學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)音樂(lè)。be fond of意為“非常喜歡”，如：
Many young people are fond of pop music while most old people prefer classic music.
許多年輕人喜歡流行音樂(lè)而大多數(shù)老年人喜歡古典音樂(lè)。
Alice is fond of dancing and acting. She is dreaming of becoming an actress like her mother.艾麗斯喜歡舞蹈和表演。她夢(mèng)想成為一名像她媽媽那樣的演員。
11. Besides his work in physics, he spent a lot of time working for human rights and progress.除了物理工作，他還花費(fèi)許多時(shí)間為人類權(quán)利和進(jìn)步而工作。
Besides在使用時(shí)需注意與except的區(qū)別。 besides常和another, more else等詞連用，表示兩者相加的關(guān)系。except常和all, every, no, nothing, nobody等詞連用，表示從整體中去除部分的關(guān)系。如：Besides me, two more students were chosen to take part in the competition. 除了我以外還有兩位學(xué)生也被選中去參加這次競(jìng)賽。
Everybody is here except Tom. 除了湯姆大家都到了。
12. Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century's greatest scientist. 這就是愛(ài)因斯坦，一個(gè)質(zhì)樸的人，(但卻是)20世紀(jì)最偉大的科學(xué)家。
這是一個(gè)倒裝句。當(dāng)such/so位于句首時(shí)，句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。注意
such既可用作代詞，也可用作形容詞。如：
Such is the answer to the question. 這就是這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案。
Such are our products, much more advanced. 這就是我們的產(chǎn)品，先進(jìn)得多了。
試比較：
Grace has been to Hong Kong. So have I. 格雷斯去過(guò)香港。我也去過(guò)。
So fresh is the air at the top of Mount Tai that we can't help taking a few deep breaths.
泰山頂上的空氣是如此清新，我們禁不住深深吸了幾口氣。
13. Before Einstein, scientists believed that lighttravelled through space in astraight line.
在愛(ài)因斯坦之前，科學(xué)家們相信光線是以直線通過(guò)太空的。
1) travel, quarrel的過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞以及現(xiàn)在分詞既可雙寫(xiě)“l(fā)”，也可單寫(xiě)“l(fā)”。而control, level, signal的過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞以及現(xiàn)在分詞必須雙寫(xiě)。
travel-travel(l)ed-travel(l)ed-travel(l)ing
quarrel-quarrel(l)ed-quarrel(l)ed-quarrel(l)ing
control-controlled-controlled-controlling
level-levelled-levelled-levelling
signal-signalled-signalled-signalling
2) 在space前一般不加冠詞，如：
in space在太空 in outer space在太空
其他有關(guān)天體方面的名詞前的冠詞大致如下：
in the universe 在宇宙中 in heaven 在天堂 in the sky 在天空中
in nature 在大自然里 on the earth/on earth, on Mars 在地球或火星上
14. But Einstein was able to prove that light coming
from the stars was bent as it passed the sun. 但是愛(ài)因斯坦成功地證明了從恒星上傳來(lái)的光線在經(jīng)過(guò)太陽(yáng)時(shí)被彎曲了。
1) be able to do sth. 的過(guò)去時(shí)was/were able to do sth. 常常表示“成功地做了某事”之意，相當(dāng)于managed to do sth./succeeded in doing sth./did sth. successfully. 如：
The pilot was able to land his plane safely in the end. 那個(gè)飛行員最終成功地安全著陸了。We were able to beat Chicago Bulls in the second half. 我們?cè)谙掳雸?chǎng)打敗了芝家哥公牛隊(duì)。
2) 動(dòng)詞prove的結(jié)構(gòu)比較多，有prove sth., prove to be, prove sth. to be, prove+adj., prove+that 名詞性從句等等。如：
Einstein's theory proved (to be) correct. 愛(ài)因斯坦的理論證明是正確的。
Galileo proved that the earth moves around the sun like the other planets.
伽利略證明地球像其他行星一樣圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。
Can you prove (yourself) to be fit for the position? 你能證明自己勝任這個(gè)職位嗎?
We need to prove the will before it can take effect. 遺囑生效之前我們需要證實(shí)它。
名詞：proof［C］［U］證據(jù) Is there any proof that she was on the spot when the murder took place? 有證據(jù)證明謀殺發(fā)生時(shí)她在謀殺現(xiàn)場(chǎng)嗎?
15. As a result, it appeared to scientists on earth that the stars had moved. 結(jié)果，在地球上的科學(xué)家看來(lái)，似乎恒星移動(dòng)了。
1) a result 用作狀語(yǔ)，常常用逗號(hào)與其修飾的其它句子成分隔開(kāi)。如：
He practised speaking and listening English for two hours every day. As a result, his
listening and speaking abilities were far better than those of his classmates.他每天聽(tīng)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)兩小時(shí)，結(jié)果他的聽(tīng)力和口語(yǔ)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了他的同學(xué)。
2) 在本句中，appear不是不及物動(dòng)詞“出現(xiàn)”，而是系動(dòng)詞“似乎”、“看上去”，相當(dāng)于seem,其結(jié)構(gòu)也與seem相近，如：
Why do you appear/seem (to be) so pale? 你為什么顯得如此蒼白?
There appear/seem to have been great changes here in the past decade. 在過(guò)去的10年里，這里似乎發(fā)生了很大的變化。
It appears/seems that they are short of money now. 他們似乎缺少資金。
16. He worked out just how much the light would be bent; he could also work out how far the stars would appear to have moved. 他計(jì)算出了光線被彎曲的程度；他也能夠計(jì)算出恒星看上去移動(dòng)了多少。
1) work是一個(gè)活躍的動(dòng)詞，不僅本身有許多詞義， 還可以和一些介詞或副詞組合成詞組。除了work out以外，還有下列詞組曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)在中學(xué)英語(yǔ)課本中：work on 做；制作，work hard at 致力于。本課中work out意為“解出”，但它還有一些其他的語(yǔ)義。如：He was working out the code messages. 他正在解密碼信息。
17. But Einstein stuck to his opinion and went on with his research. 但是愛(ài)因斯坦堅(jiān)持自己的意見(jiàn)并繼續(xù)研究。
stick是多義動(dòng)詞，也是名詞。如：We gathered some dry sticks to make a camp fire.
我們撿了些干樹(shù)枝生篝火。
The old man cannot walk without a walking stick. 這位老人沒(méi)有拐杖不能行走。
The man stuck his fork into a potato. 那個(gè)男人用叉子叉了一塊土豆。
Stick a stamp on an envelope before you put it into the mail-box.
把信投進(jìn)信箱前在信封上貼上郵票。
The key(was) stuck in the lock. 鑰匙卡在鎖里了。
stick 還可以和幾個(gè)介詞或副詞構(gòu)成詞組，如：stick at顧慮，stick out突出，stick together彼此忠誠(chéng)友愛(ài) 等等。本課中stick to是“堅(jiān)持”的意思。又如：
After the marriage, the couple will stick to each other all their lives.婚禮之后，夫婦將終生廝守在一起。
They stuck to the experiment until they got the satisfactory result.他們堅(jiān)持實(shí)驗(yàn)直到得到滿意的結(jié)果。
18. From that time on Einstein was greatly respected as the leading scientist of the century.從那時(shí)起愛(ài)因斯坦被尊崇為本世紀(jì)最杰出的科學(xué)家。
1) respect常常被用作普通及物動(dòng)詞，或被用于respect sb. for sth.或respect sb. as sth兩種結(jié)構(gòu)，前者表示“因?yàn)槭裁炊鹁茨橙恕保笳弑硎尽皩⒛橙俗鳛槭裁磥?lái)敬重”。如：I wish people would respect my privacy. 我希望人們尊重我的隱私權(quán)。
respect也可以被用作名詞，意為“尊敬”“敬意”或“方面”。如：
The prime minister is held in the greatest respect. 首相備受擁戴。
2) from that time on 意為“自從那時(shí)起”，常與過(guò)去時(shí)連用。注意since that time/since then/ever since then 也表示“自從那時(shí)起”，但它們必須與完成時(shí)連用，如：
From then on, he began to read the newspapers and magazines in French.
從那時(shí)起，他開(kāi)始閱讀法文報(bào)紙和雜志。
3) leading是lead(領(lǐng)導(dǎo))的現(xiàn)在分詞，在句中作scientist的定語(yǔ)，意為“主要的”
或“杰出的”，又如：
Who is the leading actor in the film? 片子的男主角是誰(shuí)?
19. He had taken Swiss nationality in 1901 and therefore did not have to join the army, as Switzerland did not take sides in the war. 他在1901年加入瑞士國(guó)籍，因此可以免于參軍，因?yàn)槿鹗渴侵辛?guó)。
1) nationality一詞來(lái)自nation-national, 意為“國(guó)籍”，提問(wèn)時(shí)常用what, 如：
-What's your nationality? -你是哪個(gè)國(guó)家的?
-I'm German. -我是德國(guó)人。
2) therefore是副詞，意為“因此”，注意它與so有所區(qū)別，so既是連詞，也是副詞，而therefore是副詞，在引導(dǎo)并列句時(shí)需加and，或者單列大寫(xiě)，如：
It rained yesterday, and therefore we had to put off our football match.
It rained yesterday；therefore we had to put off our football match.
It rained yesterday. Therefore we had to put off our football match.
3) take sides(with sb.)/take the side(of sb.)意為“同意、偏袒、支持(某人)”，如：
We were careful not to take sides for fear of getting into trouble.
我們留心不偏袒某一方，以免陷入麻煩。
20. What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world. 他所希望的是取消世界上所有的軍隊(duì)。
1) what he wanted to see 是名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)，如：What I saw was quite different from what I had heard. 我所見(jiàn)到的與我所聽(tīng)到的大相徑庭。
2) end在本句中是名詞，意為“終極”，如：
The story came to an happy end. 故事的結(jié)局美滿。
21. When Germany was ruled by Hitler in the early 1930's, Einstein, who was a Jew, found it impossible to continue living in Germany. 20世紀(jì)30年代早期，德國(guó)處于希特勒控制之下，作為猶太人的愛(ài)因斯坦發(fā)現(xiàn)不能繼續(xù)在德國(guó)住下去了。
1) rule在本句中是動(dòng)詞，意為“統(tǒng)治”。rule還可以作為名詞使用，意為“規(guī)則”或“統(tǒng)治”，如：It's against the rules to handle the ball in soccer. 在英式足球中用手傳球是違反規(guī)則的。
2) in the early 1930's 意為“在20世紀(jì)30年代早期”，如果表示后期，則用in the late 1930's, 如果表示中期，則用in the middle of 1930's。在現(xiàn)代報(bào)刊中，常常省略定冠詞the,如：in (the) 1990's(在20世紀(jì)90年代)。
3) continue living也可以寫(xiě)成continue to live,在語(yǔ)義上無(wú)明顯區(qū)別。
.
Step 7.Note making
SB P3, Part 2. Tell the students to read the first part text and make notes.
Answers: See P3 of SB. Do orally with the class.
Step 8.reference
SB P3, Part 3. Tell the students to read the first part text and tell what the bold parts refer to. Answers: See below.
1.himself –Albert 2. it – to get along with the other boys
3.there – in Switzerland 4. that – the pay
5.Where – at university 6.one – the period between 1905 and 1915
7.which – research and studies 8.which – the peace
Step 9.Practice
SB P3, Part 4. Get the students to fill in the gaps with prepositions and adverbs. The students are told to do the work individually first and then check the answers with the class.
Answers: 1~7: out, on, to, of, with, of, up
Step 10. Language study ---- noun clauses used as subject
SB P5, Part 3~4. Study these parts with the class. After that, get the students to practice Part 5, filling the blanks with proper words and make them containing a noun clause.
Answers: 1~12: Whether, How, Who, What, Where, When, Why, Which, What, That, when; where
Step 11.Conslidation ---- Oral practice
Say something about the great scientist Albert Einstein by filling up the form:
The italic parts are the answerers and these parts will not be shown to the students until they have finished filling the form.
In 1879
Born in Germany
When he was a young boy, Used to ask lot s of questions, didn’t enjoy school, found it hard to get along with others
By the time he was 14 Learned maths all by himself
From the year he was 17 Studied in Switzerland, earned money to go no with his studies.
In 1905 Received a doctor’s degree
Between 1905~1915 Began the research and studies leading to his new discoveries
In 1918 Received world-wide praise for his research
In 1921 Won the Nobel Prize for physics; gave talks in many countries
In 1933 Left Europe for the USA; accept the job as a professor; asked for little money; never interested in becoming rich
In 1940 Took American nationality, spent time working for human rights and progress
In 1955 Died at the age of 76
Step 12. Workbook
Workbook Lesson 50~51, Ex. 2 and 3. Get the students to do the exercises and then
check the answers with the students. Answers:
Lesson 50 Ex.2
1879:He was born in Germany.
From 1895 on: He studied at university in Switzerland.
1905:He received a doctor's degree.
1921:He won the Nobel Prize for physics.
1933:He and his family left Europe for the USA.
1940:He took American nationality.
1955:He died in the USA.
Ex.3
1.I can do everything at home except cooking.
2.She helps with cooking and washing besides looking after the child.
3.All of us, except Wang Ling, will go to the evening party.
4.Three other people also won the prize besides Li Dong.
5.She is fond of arts and music besides sports.
6.He is all right with all his lessons except maths.
Ex.4: 1.received 2.accpted 3.accept 4.received 5.received 6.receive 7.accept
Lesson 51 Ex.2
1.whether it is worth doing or not
2.that I forgot/have forgotten her address
3.why she doesn't want to see you.
4.where he was born
5.what we always worry about/we are always worried about
6.that we can't afford (to buy) the big house
7.how we can reduce the noise
8.that they should improve their own spoken English first
Ex.3
1.that/which 2.who 3.where 4.whom/who 5.which/that
6.when 7.whose 8.whom/who 9.where 10.when
Homework
(1) Finish off the exercises of Lesson 50~51 in the Foundational Ex. Book.
2) Revise the key points of these two lessons.
Lesson 52
Teaching aims and demands
1.Words and useful expressions:
advance, mathematics, education, further education, technical, course
2.Listening practice
3.Grammar: the past participle as predicative and attributive.
Key points: Useful expressions and grammar
Teaching methods: Listening - practice
Teaching procedures:
Step 1. Revision
(1) Check the homework exercises.
(2) Revise the key points of Lesson 51 and 52.
Step 2. Listening
(1) Tell the students to turn to Page 145 and read the instructions to get a gist of the listening passage.
(2) Play the tape for the students to answer the questions.
(3) Check the answers with the students.
(4) Post listening activity: get the students to talk about the listening passage.
Step 3. Checkpoint
Go through Checkpoint 13 with students. Tell the students to make up sentences using the phrases in this checkpoint.
Step 4. Writing
SB P6, Part 2. Read this passage about Einstein’s early studies. Then fill in the gaps. Get the students to do the work individually and then check the answers with the class. Answers: By, wanted, study, do, was, to, send, able, which, received, for, how, as, job,
enough, to, on
Step 5. Workbook
Workbook Lesson 52, Ex. 1 and 2. Get the students to do the two exercises and then check the answers with the students.
Answers: Ex.1 1.go on with 2.get along with 3.lead to 4.stuck to 5.work out 6.fighting for 7.be fond of 8.took sides 9.From that time on 10.taken away
Ex.2 1.shy 2.content 3.Peace 4.prove 5.ruled 6.respect 7.advanced 8.technical 9.bookmark 10.courses
Homework
(1) Finish off the exercises of Lesson 52 in the Foundational Ex. Book.
(1) Finish off the wb exercises in Unit 13 Revision.
Evaluation of teaching:
Lesson 50
Step 1 Revision
1. Check the homework exercises. Ask the students to read and recite the dialogue.
2. Think of famous person. Ask the students to guess who he is.
Step 2 Presentation
Today we are going to read about the life and work of Albert Einstein, the famous scientist. Read the passage quickly to find the answers to two questions:
1. What scientific work is Einstein famous for?
2. Where did he spend the last part of his life?
Step 3 Reading the passage
1. Ask the students to read the passage carefully.
2. Go through Ex.1 make sure the students know what to do. Let them answer the questions, working in pairs. Check the answers with the whole class.
3. Deal with any language problems.
4. Play the tape for the students to listen and follow, pay attention to the pronunciation
5. Note making. Get the students to read the passage again and complete as many of the notes as possible. Get them to compare their notes when have finished.
6. Study. Do the first one with the class. Get the students to do this individually. Check
the answers at the end.
7. Do Ex. 2.
Step 4 language points
1. All through his life Einstein was content to spend most of time alone.
* content adj. = happy, satisfied 高興，心滿意足。常用于be content to do sth.或 be content with sth.
He was content to eat some simple food.
My grandparents are content to live quietly in the country.
You should not be content with your small success.
No one is content with what he wants.
* content Vt. = make sb. happy and satisfied 使。。。滿足
Simple praise is enough to content him.
John contented himself with a glass of wine for each meal.
2. He began the research and studies which led to his new discoveries in physics.
* lead to 導(dǎo)致，造成，引起。To 是介詞，后接名詞、代詞、或-ing形式。
The accident led to many deaths.
His carelessness led to his failure.
Too much work and too little rest leads to illness.
This kind of test is bad because it leads to incorrect learning.
* lead to 通向
The path leads to the top of the mountain.
All roads lead to Rome.
3. Einstein lived the rest of his life quietly in the USA.
* live a … life 過(guò)著某種生活。如：live a happy life, live a hard life, live a quiet life.
The parents in past lived a hard life.
My parents are used to living a quiet life in the county.
Don’t forget the past while are living a happy life.
He was taken to the USA at ten and lived all his life there.
* = live/ spend … life
4. Beside his work in physics, he spent a lot of time working for hum rights and progress.
* besides 除了。。。之外（還有），有肯定和附加的意思，相當(dāng)于in addition to; expect 除。。。之外（不包括本身在內(nèi)），有否定和排除的含義，表示從整體中除去一部分，著重在“不包括”（not including）的含義上。
Three girls went to the party besides Xiao Hong.
All of us passed the exam besides Alice.
We visited the Summer Palace besides the Great Wall.
All the girls went to the party except Xiao Hong.
All of us passed the exam except Alice.
We invited every boy students except Bob.
* do Ex.3.
5. It was said that he found in music the peace which was missing in a world full of wars and killings.
* be full of = be filled with 充滿 He brought us a basket full of fish.
People full of energy are fit the job.
His composition is full of mistakes.
Her eyes were full of tears.
5. Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century’s greatest scientist.
* such pron. 這，這些，指代上文所說(shuō)的情況，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和后面的名詞或代詞包持一致。
Such is my wish.
Such was the situation were facing.
Such were his words. Such are the results we have got.
Step 5 consolidation
Book closed. Get the students to the facts about Einstein.
Step 6 Homework
Read the passage again. Complete as many notes as possible about Einstein. Finish off the Workbook exercise.
Lesson 51
Step 1 Revision
1. Check the homework exercises.
3. Ask the students to read and recite the passage.
Step 2 Presentation
1. Ask the students to read the passage and answer the question: Why did Einstein leave Europe? (It was not safe to remain there.)
Step 3 Reading
1. Ask the students to read the passage carefully.
2. Ask them some questions: Does light bend or does it travel in a straight line? Did other scientists agree with Einstein at first? Why didn’t he fight in the First World War?
3. Do Ex.1.
Step 4 Language points
1. But Einstein was able to prove that light coming from the stars was bent as it passed the sun.
* coming from the stars, 分詞斷語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一定語(yǔ)從句，＝ that came from the stars. 如：
Let’s go and see the boy standing by the gate.
The woman wearing a pair of glasses is our teacher of physics.
Who is the girl speaking to the foreigner?
The big tree lying across the road was blown down yesterday.
* prove Vt.; VI.
1) show to be true 證實(shí)．證明
The solider proved his courage in the battle.
They will to you that I am not lying.
Facts have proved the shop assistant dishonest.
He proved himself to be a clever boy.
2) be found to be, turn put to be 證明是, 發(fā)現(xiàn)是
His advice did prove helpful.
He proved a very useful friend.
The plan proved to be very good.
This book will prove of great importance to you.
2. As a result, it appeared to scientists on earth that the stars had moved.
* It appears/ seems/ (to sb.) that-clause
It is our duty to lean the classroom.
It is nice meeting you here.
It appears that he won’t come tonight.
It appeared to me that she enjoyed the food very much.
It seemed that the manager was very angry.
3. He worked out just how much the light would be bent; he could also work out how far the stars would appear to have moved.
* work out = get the results for 算出，解出
I can not work out the problems.
Can you work out how much it costs to build the bridge?
He said he could work out this puzzle out, but he didn’t.
* appear to have done.
He appeared to have heard of the bad news.
They appeared to have done such a thing.
She appeared not to have got my letter. = It appeared that she hadn’t got my letter.
4. But Einstein stuck to his opinion and went on with his research.
* stick to = refuse to change 堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)守（意見(jiàn)，看法），含＂執(zhí)意不改變＂的意思．忠于．
No matter what you, I shall stick to my plan.
You have a good decision, and you should stick to it.
Do you always sick to your promise?
One should stick to his friends.
They will stick to their ideas.
* insist on = 堅(jiān)持（要干某事）(to order sth. to happen); 強(qiáng)烈要求 (strongly demand sth. or doing sth.)
His daughter insisted on coming with him.
He insisted on paying for the meal.
I am afraid I have to insist on the return of my book at once.
5. 重要句形
* by the time
By the time you get there, it will be dark.
I’ll have finished my work by the time you come back.
By time we got there, the film had begun.
* It is said (hoped, believed, reported, supposed, announced, expected + that-clause.
It is said that a new factory will be built in our county.
It is believed that at least a score of building were damaged or destroyed.
* It appears/ seems that- clause.
It seemed that the teacher didn’t sleep well at night.
It appeared that they had visited the place.
Step 5 Interview
Part 2. Work in pairs. Ask one of the students to play the role of a journalist and the other plays Einstein. First go over the answers to the questions with the whole class.
Then do a demonstration with a good student. Finally, put the students in pairs and get them to have the interview. The students may change roles and repeat the interview.
Step 6 Noun Clauses as the Subject
1. Part 3. Language Study
2. Part 4. Work in pairs. Join the two parts to make sentences.
4. Part 5. Choose a correct word to complete each sentence.
Step 6 Workbook
1. Ex.2. Do the first three sentences with the class. Explain what kind of conjunction word, tense, phrase is needed. Pay attention to the word order as well. Then pairwork. Finally check the answers with the whole class.
2. Ex. 3. Review the Attributive Clause. Allow the students a few moments to go over the sentences individually. Then do the exercise with the class. Get them to translate the sentences into Chinese.
Step 7 Homework
Finish off the workbook exercises.
Lesson 52.
Step 1 Review
1. Ask the students to recite the passage.
2. Ask the students to make up sentences, using the phrases in the passage, such as work out, stick to.
Step 2 Listening comprehension
1. Come to the contraction. Let the students know what to do.
2. Play the tape for the students to listen.
3. Let the students to discuss their answers in pairs.
4. Play the tape again. Check the answers with the whole class.
Step 3 Writing
Read the passage about Einstein’s early studies. Then fill in the blankets.
Step 4 writing
Read out the instructions aloud and explain what to do. Let them do it in groups of four. Ask some of them to read out their writing.
Step 5 Workbook
Step 6 Homework