【知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)】
一、重點(diǎn)詞匯與短語(yǔ)
1．govern vt. & vi.統(tǒng)治;控制;治理
The mayor governed the city very wisely.
Self interest governs all his actions.
government n.政府，政體，統(tǒng)治；governor總督，省長(zhǎng)，主管人員；the governing class統(tǒng)治階級(jí)；the governing body董事會(huì)，理事會(huì)
2． as a consequence (of)作為（……的）結(jié)果
As a consequence of his laziness, he was fired.
As a consequence, the bitterest race hatrads broke out in Hungary.
類(lèi)似表達(dá)：in (as a) consequence of由于……，因……;as a result of因……
3．break out(火災(zāi)、疾病、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、暴亂等)突然發(fā)生
break away from脫離；放棄（習(xí)慣等）；打破（陳規(guī)）
break into破門(mén)而入；突然……起來(lái)
break in闖入；打斷
break up拆散；分裂；分解
break down毀掉；垮；身體垮下來(lái)
break off折斷，打斷
用法注意：break out一般不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)。
4．round up聚攏；征集；搜捕
The guide rounded up the tourists and took them back to the coach.
The teacher asked for the whole class to be rounded up.
5．classify vt.編排；分類(lèi)
classify sth. according to/by sth.依據(jù)……分類(lèi)
classify sb./sth. as歸入……類(lèi)；分等級(jí)
classify sb./sth. in/into…把……歸為……類(lèi)
The books in the library are classified by subject.
6．promote v.使晉升；促進(jìn)；設(shè)立；發(fā)起
promote sb. to sth.提升，擢升某人
promote foreign trade促進(jìn)對(duì)外貿(mào)易
promote a new product促銷(xiāo)新產(chǎn)品
7．reward n. vt.報(bào)答；報(bào)酬；給報(bào)酬，獎(jiǎng)賞
ask for reward不圖報(bào)酬
give a reward to sb. for sth.為某事給某人報(bào)酬
offer a reward of…給酬金……
as a reward for…作為對(duì)……的酬謝
reward sb. for sth./doing sth.因……報(bào)答某人
reward sb. with/by…用……酬謝某人
8．pass away去世，逝世
pass by走過(guò)；經(jīng)過(guò)；忽視
pass sth. down(常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))一代一代傳下去
pass sth. on(to sb.)將某物傳交給（某人）
pass through sth.經(jīng)歷（一段時(shí)間）
二、詞義辨析
1． respect, honour與regard
辨析：respect, honour與regard
（1）respect尊敬，正式用語(yǔ)，指對(duì)父母、年長(zhǎng)者、正直的人、學(xué)者、法律等的尊敬或敬重。
如：
He respects his parents.他尊敬父母。
（2）honour尊敬，非常尊敬（＝respect highly）指對(duì)君主、長(zhǎng)輩、父母、貴人、德高之人、正直之人、天神等的敬意。
如：
He was honoured as a man of courage.他被尊為勇者。
（3）regard尊敬，指對(duì)父母、他人的感情、法律等的尊敬。
We all regard our English teacher highly.我們都很尊敬我們的英語(yǔ)老師。
2．be sure of與be sure to do
be sure of(或that)主語(yǔ)是人，主語(yǔ)感到“有把握，確信”
be sure to do主語(yǔ)可以是人或物，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人推測(cè)“一定，必然會(huì)”。
如：
He is sure of his success.=He is sure that he will succeed.
他確信他會(huì)成功。（主語(yǔ)He的信念）
He is sure to succeed.他一定會(huì)成功。（說(shuō)話(huà)人的意見(jiàn)）
It is sure to rain.天準(zhǔn)會(huì)下雨。
三、重點(diǎn)句型
1．It would be many years until Australia learnt to respect Aborigines and recognise the importance of a diverse society.
很多年之后澳大利亞人才開(kāi)始尊重土著人，并且意識(shí)到多樣性社會(huì)的重要性。
It would(will) be +段時(shí)間+until+從句是一個(gè)句型，表示“過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才……”。
如：
It would be 10 years until he knew the truth
十年之后他才得知真相。
It will be 10 years until you understand
十年后你才會(huì)明白。
2．In area it is approximately the same size as the USA (without Alaska), which, however, has more than fourteen times as many people.
從面積上說(shuō)，它大約同美國(guó)（不包括阿拉斯加）相當(dāng)，而美國(guó)的人口卻是澳大利亞的十四倍多。
As many people 后面省掉了 it has. 注意倍數(shù)表達(dá)法。
如A是B的X倍，可表示如下：
A be x times the size/height/length…of B
A be x times as big/high/long as B
A be x-1 times bigger/higher/longer than B
A be bigger/higher than B by x-1 times
3．In his youth Charles Darwin enjoyed all the freedom to experiment and do whatever he liked.
在年輕時(shí)代，查理斯達(dá)爾文可以自由地做試驗(yàn)及他喜歡做的任何事。
Whatever he liked 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，作do的賓語(yǔ)。
四、語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)
1．表語(yǔ)
（一）表語(yǔ)的定義
表語(yǔ)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。
（二）表語(yǔ)的表現(xiàn)形式
表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不式式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞及表語(yǔ)從句表示。
（1）名詞
Our teacher of English is an American.我們的英語(yǔ)老師是美國(guó)人。
He is an astronaut.他是一位宇航員。
（2）代詞
Is this yours?這是你的嗎？
That’s all I want to tell you.我要告訴你的就是這些。
（3）形容詞
The weather has turned cold.天氣變冷了。
Guilin is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.桂林是我到過(guò)的最美麗的城市。
（4）分詞
The speech is exciting.這演講激動(dòng)人心。
The teacher was pleased with my spoken English.老師對(duì)我的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)很滿(mǎn)意。
（5）數(shù)詞
Three times seven is twenty瞣ne.3乘7等于21。
He is always the first to enter the office.他總是第一個(gè)進(jìn)辦公室。
（6）不定式
His job is to teach English.他的工作是教英語(yǔ)。
Their plan is to finish the experiment in a week.他們的計(jì)劃是一周內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)。
（7）動(dòng)名詞
His hobby is playing football.他的愛(ài)好是踢足球。
My wish is studying law in a university.我的愿望是在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)法律。
（8）介詞短語(yǔ)
The machine must be out of order.機(jī)器一定出毛病了。
He is against our plan.他反對(duì)我們的計(jì)劃。
（9）副詞
Time is up. The class is over.時(shí)間到了，下課。
My father isn’t in. He is out.我父親不在家，他出去了。
（10）表語(yǔ)從句
The truth is that he has never been abroad.
實(shí)際情況是他從未出過(guò)國(guó)。
2．賓語(yǔ)
（一）賓語(yǔ)的定義
賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或行為的承受者，用在及物動(dòng)詞或相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后。可以作賓語(yǔ)的有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式（短語(yǔ)）、名詞化的形容詞、瞚ng分詞短語(yǔ)、從句等。
（二）賓語(yǔ)的表現(xiàn)形式
（1）名詞
They went to see an exhibition yesterday.他們昨天去看了展覽。
He is going to buy a dictionary.他打算買(mǎi)本字典。
（2）代詞
The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.
那場(chǎng)大雨使我未能準(zhǔn)時(shí)到校上學(xué)。
We should learn from him.我們應(yīng)該向他學(xué)習(xí)。
（3）數(shù)詞
-How many dictionaries do you have?你有幾本字典？
-I have five.我有5本。
（4）名詞化的形容詞或分詞
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.他們昨天幫助老年人做家務(wù)。
We should take the wounded to the hospital immediately.
我們應(yīng)該立刻把傷員送進(jìn)醫(yī)院。
（5）不定式（短語(yǔ)）
He pretended not to see me.他假裝沒(méi)有看見(jiàn)我。
She didn?t know what to do next.她不知道下一步做什么。
（6）動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）
I enjoy listening to popular music.我喜歡聽(tīng)游行音樂(lè)。
He practises speaking English every day.他每天練習(xí)講英語(yǔ)。
（7）從句
I think (that) he is fit for his office.我認(rèn)為他稱(chēng)職。
He asked me whose pronunciation was the best in the class.他問(wèn)我班上誰(shuí)的發(fā)音最好。
（三）賓語(yǔ)的種類(lèi)
（1）直接賓語(yǔ)
直接賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的承受者或結(jié)果，通常指物。
Lend me your dictionary, please.請(qǐng)把你的字典借給我。
Excuse me, please. Could you tell me the way to the railway station?
對(duì)不起，請(qǐng)問(wèn)到火車(chē)站怎么走？
（2）間接賓語(yǔ)
間接賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作所向的或所為的人或物，通常指人。間接賓語(yǔ)一般位于直接賓語(yǔ)之前，也可位于直接賓語(yǔ)之后，但此時(shí)在它的前面須加介詞to。
The company sent us a few computers last year.公司去掉給我們送了幾臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)。
He sent a birthday gift to me yesterday.昨天他送給我一份生日禮物。
（3）復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)
有些動(dòng)詞除了跟有賓語(yǔ)外，還需要一個(gè)詞來(lái)說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的身份或狀態(tài)，以補(bǔ)充其意義的不足，這樣的詞或短語(yǔ)叫做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起就叫做復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，它們?cè)谶壿嬌嫌兄髦^關(guān)系。如果直接賓語(yǔ)是不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句，常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。
They elected him their monitor.他們選他當(dāng)班長(zhǎng)。（代詞+名詞）
I found the baby always happy.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)嬰兒總是很愉快的。（名詞+形容詞）
The next day he found himself in the hospital when he waked.
當(dāng)他第二天醒來(lái)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在醫(yī)院里。（代詞+介詞短語(yǔ)）
I often ask him to help me with my English.我經(jīng)常請(qǐng)他幫助我學(xué)英語(yǔ)。
（代詞+動(dòng)詞不定式）
I find it easy to answer this question.我發(fā)現(xiàn)回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題是容易的。
（it作形式賓語(yǔ)）
（4）介詞賓語(yǔ)
位于介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)稱(chēng)做介詞賓語(yǔ)。
In our school about three瞗ourths of the students are from the north.
我們學(xué)校3/4的學(xué)生來(lái)自北方。
【考點(diǎn)透視 考例精析】
[考例1] It is reported that the United States uses _______ energy as the whole of Europe.
A．a(chǎn)s twice B．twice much C．twice much as D．twice as much
[解析] Ｄ 本題考查倍數(shù)表達(dá)法。考比較等級(jí)及修飾語(yǔ)，表分?jǐn)?shù)、倍數(shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)的修飾語(yǔ)一般應(yīng)放在比較等級(jí)的前面。詳見(jiàn)前面解釋。
[考例2] You were silly not _______ your car.
A．to lock B．to have locked C．locking D．having locked
[解析] Ｄ 考非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，由句意可知lock your car的動(dòng)作應(yīng)該業(yè)已完成，故選擇D項(xiàng)。
[考例3] It was a pity that the great writer died ________ his works unfinished.
A．for B．with C．from D．of
[解析] Ｂ 考查with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。with+名詞+過(guò)去分詞通常在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。
[考例4] Don’t be discouraged. ______ things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.
A．Taking B．To take C．Take D．Taken
[解析] Ｃ 祈使句+and+將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的句子＝if條件句+將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的句子。
[考例5] Before building a house, you will have to ______ the government’s permission.
A．get from B． follow C．receive D．a(chǎn)sk for
[解析] Ｄ ask for permission是固定詞組，意為“征求許可；征得同意。”
【基礎(chǔ)演練】
一、據(jù)首字母（漢語(yǔ)提示）填詞，完成句子。
1．Her ______(同伴) share her interest in computers.
2．The airplane’s _______ (目的地) is Pairs.
3．T______ this sentence into the passive.
4．Chinese is his _______(長(zhǎng)項(xiàng)).
5．He has a poor French ______(詞匯量).
6．What is the usual ______ (手續(xù)) for setting up a new school?
7．Exercise gave me an ______(食欲).
8．The teacher______ (計(jì)算) the average mark of the class.
9．They are preparing for war on a large______ (規(guī)模).
10．Never judge a man by his ______(外貌).
二、單項(xiàng)選擇
1．Every government that refuses to meet the needs of its people must accept the______ .
A．consequences B．endings C．results D．outcome
2．In the first several years of our economic reform, many military factories have been ______ into civil ones in order to meet the needs of the country.
A．a(chǎn)ltered B．converted C．transmitted D．transformed
3．People in New York ______ that their city is the most vital city in the world.
A．a(chǎn)nnounce B． claim C．state D．pronounce
4．She ______ her sister in appearance but not in character.
A．looks B． compares C． resembles D．equals
5．The two sides in the dispute still differ ______ each other ______ the question of pay.
A．with; over B．with; in C．over; with D．on; over
6．We should make a clear _______ between the two scientific terms for the purpose of our discussion.
A．distinction B． discrimination C．deviation D．separation
7．It was said that she was going abroad at her own ______.
A．money B．expense C．fund D．charge
8． ______ energy must be released in one form or another, for example, and earthquake.
A．Gathered B．Collected C．Accumulated D．Assembled
9．In countries where there are still not many schools, education is a ______ .
A．power B．privilege C．program D．promotion
10．Because of his achievements in the last year, John was ______ to a higher position.
A． risen B．promoted C．lifted D．grown
【能力拓展】
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
Sitting is an art that isn’t getting passed along. People these days feel as though they have to be doing something. If they are not working, they are jogging, or playing tennis or golf, or taking courses to improve their minds or bodies-or they are parked in front of the TV. Sitting in front of the TV isn’t sitting-it’s watching.
People used to sit a whole lot. You would walk down the street or drive down the road, and there they would be, out on the doorsteps, sitting. You could go down to the store and sit on the bench out front in the summer or around the fire in the winter. There were sitting benches out in the town square. At the garage, there were straight-backed chairs. There among the oil cans and tires and spare parts, you could kick back and sit.
Houses used to have sitting rooms, where the grown-ups would go after Sunday dinner. Mom and Dad, Grandpa and Aunt Ruby would sit and digest(消化) the fried chicken and talk about Aunt Ethel’s illness, and how well the minister did today. Outside, the children would play, and the afternoon would pass by in a comfortable haze(悠閑的氛圍 ).
That sort of thing looks like doing nothing. A recharging battery(正充電的電池)doesn’t look as if it’s doing anything either. Sitting restores your soul. If you want to enjoy a truly full life, don’t just do something-sit there.
1．What message does the author try to get through to us?
A．People should make better use of their sitting room.
B．People should spend less time watching TV.
C．People should pass down their good habits.
D．People should take things easy for their own good.
2．We can learn from the second paragraph that______ .
A．people lived a more restful life in the past
B．towns were built to make living convenient
C．small town garages had a lot to offer
D．people enjoyed going out for a drive
3．The sitting room mentioned in the text used to be a place for ______ .
A．eating food B．watching TV
C．gathering together D．playing with children
4． From the text we know the writer believes ______ .
A．sitting has a good spiritual effect
B．sitting helps people remember the past
C．a(chǎn) sitting room may have different purposes
D．a(chǎn) sitting room is important for the old
參考答案
高三部分
Units 3~4 (B3)
基礎(chǔ)演練
一、1．fellows 2．destination 3．Transform 4．strength 5．vocabulary 6．procedure
7．a(chǎn)ppetite 8． calculated 9． scale 10．a(chǎn)ppearance
二、1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．B 10．B
能力拓展
參考答案及解析：
1-5 DACA
1．D 根據(jù)文章最后一段可知。
2．A 人們過(guò)去過(guò)著一種比較安逸的生活。
3．C 根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容Mom and Dad, Grandpa and…
4．A 根據(jù)文章最后一段Sitting restores your soul可知。