【知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)】

一、重點(diǎn)詞匯與短語

1．a(chǎn)buse n.濫用；虐待；辱罵vt.濫用；虐待；辱罵

It’s easy to abuse one?s power.

I won’t abuse your trust.

a much abused wife一位備愛虐待的妻子

the dangers of drug abuse濫用藥物的危險(xiǎn)

2．to make things worse更糟的是

To make things worse, he refused to apologize.

You are only making things worse.

同義詞組有：what’s worse, worse still, even worse

類似結(jié)構(gòu)有：to tell the truth說實(shí)話；to be exact確切說來；to be honest說實(shí)話；to be fran坦率地講等

3．lay off解雇；不理會(huì)，使下崗

During the recession they laid ten of us off for three months.

The doctor told me to lay off for a week

4．consult vt.&vi.向……咨詢，查閱

to consult a dictionary/a lawyer/a doctor

consult with與……交換意見，與……協(xié)商

Before I make up my mind I?d better consult with my parents.

5．make ends meet使收支相抵

Being out of work and having two young children, the couple found it impossible to make ends meet.

6．furnish vt.為……提供家具；用家具布置

furnish A with B為某人（物）提供某事物（＝furnish B to A）

furnish sth. with sth.為某物提供家具，用家具布置某地

furnish a village with supplies (furnish supplies to a village)

furnish a house (a room, an office)

7．take pride in感到自豪

（1）take pride in以……為榮，對(duì)……感到自豪

She took great pride in being a member of the club.

（2）be proud of以……自豪

He was proud of his school record.

（3）be proud to do因做……而自豪

I’m very proud to call you my friend.

8．do up打扮；梳妝；固定，扣上，系上；修理；裝修

This skirt does up at the back.

He never bothers to do his jacket up.

If we decide to buy the cottage, we’ll have to do it up.

do onself up梳妝打扮，化妝

9．let down使某人失望，不幫助

Tom will never let you down, you can always depend on him to help you.

let alone更別提；不打擾；不驚動(dòng)

let off放過，寬��；開（槍），放（炮）；排放

let out放走，釋放；泄漏，放出

10．fix sth on/upon sb全神貫注于；凝視

fix one’s eyes on sb.凝視某人

fix one’s thoughts/attention on what one is doing.

Her eyes were fixed on the gun.

二、詞義辨析

1．result, effect與influence

（1）result“結(jié)果，影響”，指被某一行動(dòng)、計(jì)劃或事件帶來的直接后果。

（2）effect“結(jié)果，影響”，指被某一行動(dòng)、計(jì)劃、事件帶來的間接后果或某一物產(chǎn)生的效應(yīng)（動(dòng)詞為affect）。

One of the effects of bad wether is a poor crop.

壞天氣的后果之一是莊稼歉收。

influence“影響”，指對(duì)周圍一切或今后歷史等產(chǎn)生的影響或指有影響有勢(shì)力的人或者有影響的物。

Don’t let me influence your decision.不要讓我影響了你的決定。

2．take part in, join, join in與attend

（1）take part in表示參加某種活動(dòng)，也可表示參加會(huì)議，并在活動(dòng)中起積極作用。

（2）join加入某組織，成為其中一分子。如：

He joined the Party at the age of 20.他20歲入了黨。

（3）attend表示出席會(huì)議。如：

We?ll attend a meeting at 2∶00 p.m.下午兩點(diǎn)我們要參加會(huì)議。

（4）join in參加某一群人的活動(dòng)。如：

After school, he joined us in cleaning.放學(xué)后，他和我們一起打掃衛(wèi)生。

三、重點(diǎn)句型

1．They cannot afford to consult a doctor or purchase medicines from a chemist when they get sick, nor can they make sure that their children keep a healthy diet.

當(dāng)他們生病時(shí)，既無錢就醫(yī)也買不起藥品，他們也不能保證他們的孩子有營(yíng)養(yǎng)全面的飲食。

“neither /nor＋倒裝句”，即“neither/nor＋系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞＋主語”表示與前面所陳述的動(dòng)作或情況有著相同的否定概念。

①前后主語不同，謂語相同，承前省略謂語。

I won’t go to the party, nor/neither will she.

我不會(huì)去參加聚會(huì)，她也不去。

②前后主語相同，謂語不同，謂語不能省略。

I can’ t speak French, nor do I understand it.

我不會(huì)說法語，也不懂法語。

either 表達(dá)“也不……”時(shí)，用在一個(gè)否定句的句末，此句從形式到意義都否定，即在該句中有否定意義的詞，

如：

no， nobody, none, no one, not never.

neither/nor用在一個(gè)倒裝句的句首，該倒裝句形式肯定，而意義否定，即助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不再和否定的詞連用。

提點(diǎn)迷津：“neither+倒裝句”只能用于兩個(gè)主語或兩種情形的“后者同前者一樣不……”�。弧皀or+倒裝句”可以用于兩者，也可以用于三者及以上情形或主語。

2．If low瞚ncome families cannot afford to purchase medical insurance, as was the case with Wang Lin, other measures to reduce poverty will not succeed.

如果低收入家庭像王林一樣無力購買醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)的話，其它的脫貧措施也將以失敗告終。

As was the case with Wang Lin 像王林那樣的情況，作families的定語。

in this/that case倘若這/那樣的話

in any case 假使；免得，以防萬一

in no case 決不　　　　in the case of 就……來說；至于……

3．Many happy hours had she spent, planning for something nice for him.

她花費(fèi)了很多時(shí)間來為他準(zhǔn)備一件好禮物。

此句正常語序?yàn)椋篠he had spent many happy hours planning for something nice for him.

spend time/money on sth ./(in)doing sth .花費(fèi)時(shí)間（金錢）干某事。

How much have you spent on this book?

He spends all day writing

四、語法復(fù)習(xí)

虛擬語氣（Ⅱ）

（1）虛擬語氣在主語從句中的用法

在“It is important( strange, natural, necessary) that…”這類句型里，that所引導(dǎo)的主語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示某事是“重要”、“奇怪”、“自然”、“必要”等意義。

如：

It is important that every member(should)inform himself of these rules.重要的是每個(gè)成員知道這些規(guī)則。

It is necessary that he(should) be set there at once.有必要馬上派他到那里去。

It is decided (has been decided) that the meeting (should) be postponed till tomorrow.已決定會(huì)議延期到明天。

It is very strange that she (should) have left without saying goodbye.她不辭而別。真讓人奇怪。

（2）虛擬語氣在賓浯從句中的用法

①動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語從句中

表示與現(xiàn)在或過去的事實(shí)相反，或?qū)�將來的主觀愿望，從句通常省略連詞that。

1)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：從句動(dòng)詞用過去式或過去進(jìn)行式(be動(dòng)詞一般用were)。

如：

I wish I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道這個(gè)問題的答案。(可惜不知道)

I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year round.但愿北京全年是秋天。(只是愿望。實(shí)際根本不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。)

She wishes she were still living with her grandmother.她希望仍和祖母住在一起。(實(shí)際不住在 起)

2)表示對(duì)過去情況的虛擬：從句動(dòng)詞常用“had+過去分詞”。

如：

I wish (wished) I hadn?t spent so much money.我后悔不該花那么多錢。(實(shí)際上已經(jīng)花掉)

He wishes (wished) he had not lost the chance.他真希望沒有失去機(jī)會(huì)。(事實(shí)上機(jī)會(huì)已失去了，他感到惋惜。)

3)表示對(duì)將來的主觀愿望：從句動(dòng)詞形式為“would十動(dòng)詞原形”。此時(shí)要注意，主句的主語與從句的主語不能相同，因?yàn)橹骶涞闹髡Z所期望的從句動(dòng)作能否實(shí)現(xiàn)，取決于從句主語的態(tài)度或意愿(非動(dòng)物名詞除外)。

如：

I wish it would stop raining.但愿雨能停止。

I wish you would come soon.但愿你立刻來。

suggest(建議), demand, order, propose, insist(堅(jiān)持), command, request, desire等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中

謂語動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，表示建議、要求、命令等。

如：

I suggest that we (should) set off at once.我建議我們馬上動(dòng)身。

I demand that he (should) answer me immediately.我要求他立刻答復(fù)我。

The students insisted that they (should) have more English classes.

學(xué)生們堅(jiān)持要多上英語課。

（3）虛擬語氣在狀語從句中的用法

①在帶有even if/even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句中

主句和從句都用虛擬語氣，動(dòng)詞形式與含有非真實(shí)條件句的虛擬語氣相同。

如：

Even if Lin Tao were here,I should say the same thing. 即使林濤在這兒，我也要這樣說。

Even though he had been ill,he would have gone to his office.即使生了病，他仍去辦公室。

注：當(dāng)從句由though／although引導(dǎo)時(shí)，主句常用陳述語氣，從句可用也可不用虛擬浯氣。

如：

This gave rue some faint hopes of relief, although I were (was) not able to imagine how it could be brought out.這給了我一絲解救的希望，但我想像不出如何實(shí)現(xiàn)。

②由as if或as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句表示比較或方式時(shí)

從句渭語形式為動(dòng)詞的過去式(be用were)或“had+過去分詞”。

如：

He treats me as if I were a stranger.他那樣對(duì)待我，好像我是陌生人似的。

She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.

她談?wù)撃遣坑捌�，就好像她確實(shí)看過一樣。

注：姐果表示的事情可能會(huì)發(fā)生，那么方式狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞可用陳述語氣。

③在in order that或so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中

謂語動(dòng)詞多用“couht/might(有時(shí)電用should)+動(dòng)詞原形”。

如：

Mr. Green spoke slowly so that his students could/might hear clearly.

格林先生說得很慢，好讓學(xué)生聽清楚。

They are climbing higher in order that they might/could get a better view.

他們正往更高處爬，以便看得更清楚。

在in case，for fear(that)，lest等引導(dǎo)的從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”。

如：

She took her raincoat with her in case/for fear that/lest she (should) be caught in the rain.她帶了雨衣，以免遭雨淋。

【考點(diǎn)透視 考例精析】

[考例1] He got well prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _______ the good opportunity.

A．to lose B．losing C．to be lost D．being lost

[解析] B 考查慣用法的掌握，risk后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。

[考例2] I don’t want like ______ I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.

A．to sound B．to be sounded C． sounding D．to have sounded

[解析] A 題意為“我不想讓別人聽起來像在說別人的壞話，但經(jīng)理的計(jì)劃太不公平。”want接不定式作賓語，且sound like和主語之間是一種邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。

[考例3] ---- How about eight o’clock outside the cinema?

----- That ______ me fine.

A．fits B．meets C．satisfies D．suits

[解析] D suit作vt.有“適合（某人）之意”的意思，與題干的意思吻合。fit指“尺寸大小”的合適；meet是“迎接”；satisfy somebody表示“滿足某人欲望”。

[考例4] Look at the trouble I am in. If only I ______ your advice.

A．followed B．would follow C．had followed D．should follow

[本題] C 考查虛擬語氣用法，if only“要是……就好了�！鳖}意為“看看我現(xiàn)在的困境！要是我早聽你的勸告就好了�！北硎九c過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。

【基礎(chǔ)演練】

一、據(jù)首字母（漢語提示）填詞，完成句子。

1．When her husband died, she received $ 20,000 i____ __.

2．Half of our i___ ___ goes on rent.

3．He only agreed to leave the country under p____ __.

4．Nothing could p___ __ him (from) going there.

5．She is u__ ____ in having a bad husband.

6．The beggar wore a s___ ___ old hat.

7．What was the o___ ___ of your investigation?

8．Are you being a___ __ to?

9．The small company is heavily b__ ____ with taxation.

10．While talking to children, remember to s___ ___ your explanation for them.

二、單項(xiàng)選擇

1．The store had to _______ a number of clerks because sales were down.

A．lay out B．lay off C． lay aside D． lay down

2．In recent years there has been a ______ increase in teacher’s salary.

A．violent B． wide C． significant D． cautious

3． Remember to _______ with your brother before you decide.

A．consume B． consult C． pretend D． experiment

4．Since the policy of being open to the outside world was put into practice, a ______ change has taken place in China.

A．fundamental B．essential C．elementary D． basic

5．----How about eight o’clock outside the cinema?

----That ______ me fine.

A．fits B．meets C．satifies D．suits

6．When John was arrested for drunken driving, he expected to lose his driving licence, but he was ______ with a fine.

A．let through B．let down C． let off D．let out

7．Mr Bally approved ______ the conference.

A．me to attend B． for my attending

C．of me to attend D． of my attending

8．The effect of the drug will ______ affter four hours or so.

A．fall through B．wind up C．end up D． wear off

9．This room is partly _______ with a few old armchairs.

A．offered B．given C． afforded D． furnished

10． ______ the bus arrived, forty minutes late.

A．At length B． In the first place

C．As a consequence D． In detail

【能力拓展】

閱讀下面短文掌握其大意，然后從短文各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入相應(yīng)空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

We had been told in the village that the road over the mountains was under construction and that it would be impossible to cross the frontier by car. We intended to disbelieve these 1 , since thirty miles of the road bad heen 2 effortlessly and we had come to within sight of the mountain pass. It was then that our confidence was 3 : the road began to get from bad to worse rapidly.

Henry stopped the car and we decided to climb as 4 as the pass on foot to see exactly how bad things were. We found that the track 5 for a couple of miles only; and then the road 6 again. We did not regard a little mud as a serious obstacle (障礙) and considered that the crossing would be quite 7 if we went on carefully. The first five hundred yards or so were sheletred by pieces of rock. We walked along 8 but surely, pleased with ourselves at having proved the villagers 9 . Just as we turned a corner, Henry caught sight of a large stone in his path and tried to 10 it. The car slid to one side and the rear wheels became 11 fast in mud. I got out to lighten the 12 , but the more Henry accelerated (加速), the deeper the wheels 13 into the soil. There was no choice but to dig down to the level of the wheels with our bare 14 . And we were soon covered in mud from head to foot. When the level was 15 , we filled the hole, with loose 16 and I watched anxiously as Henry started up the engine. Stones went 17 everywhere, but the wheels remained 18 in place. I fetched two planks and we put them 19 the wheels and the track. The wheels turned wildly before they gripped (咬緊) the dry planks. After a mometnt the car 20 itself out of the rut (車轍)， and came to a stop.

1． A．notes B．warnings C．dangers D．jokes

2． A．covered B．run C．gone D．driven

3． A．taken up B．torn down C．got off D．broken down

4． A．long B．soon C．possible D．far

5． A．ended B．turned C．extended D．lasted

6． A．continued B．disappeared C．was good D．remained

7． A．comfortable B．pleasant C．easy D．enjoyable

8． A．quickly B．slowly C．bravely D．hurriedly

9． A．fight B．stupid C．helpful D．wrong

10．A．hit B．miss C．a(chǎn)void D．push

11．A．stuck B．flowing C．stricken D．flying

12．A．wheels B．lights C．road D．engine

13．A．dropped B．fell C．drowned D．sank

14．A．feet B．hands C．a(chǎn)rms D．backs

15．A．reached B．raised C．reduced D．supported

16．A．wood B．stones C．sand D．trees

17． A．crashing B．splashing C．sinking D．flying

18． A．still B．loose C．firm D．direct

19． A．between B．a(chǎn)mong C．in D．outside

20． A．pushed B．pulled C．dragged D．drew

參考答案

高三部分

Units 9~10 (B3)

基礎(chǔ)演練

一、1．insurance 2．income 3．pressure 4．prevent 5．unfortunate 6．shabby

7．outcome 8．a(chǎn)ttended 9． burdened 10．simplify

二、1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．C 7．D 8．D 9．D 10．A

能力拓展

參考答案及解析：

1-5 BADDC 6-10 ACBDC 11-15 DCDBA 16-20 BDCAB

1．B 我們本打算不想想這些提醒。

2．A 既然我們沒費(fèi)多大力氣走了三十里路，而且已經(jīng)看到山隘了。

3．D break down崩潰，瓦解，垮掉。就在這個(gè)時(shí)候，我們的自信心沒有了；因?yàn)槁窙r變?cè)懔恕?/p>

4．D as far as直到……之外為止，遠(yuǎn)達(dá)。我們決定步行爬山到山口去看看情況到底有多糟。

5．C 小路延伸有二三里。

6．A 然后又是大道。

7．C 如果我們小心前行的話，交叉路口應(yīng)該較容易通過。

8．B 由上文“if we went on carefully”推測(cè)。

9．D 此時(shí)，在作者看來，路況并不是非常差，所以認(rèn)為村民的提醒是錯(cuò)的。

10．C (車)想避開大石頭。

11．D 后輪在泥里打滑，所以飛轉(zhuǎn)。

12．C 照亮路。

13．D 根據(jù)常識(shí)推測(cè)車越加速，輪子就越陷進(jìn)泥里。

14．B 別無他法，只好用手挖(泥土)，直到車輪底。

15．A (挖)到車輪底。

16．B 由下文“Stones went flying everywhere．”推測(cè)，是用松散小石子填坑。

17．D 馬達(dá)啟動(dòng)，車輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，小石子四處飛濺。

18．C 車輪還是牢牢地在原地。in place在原來的地方。

19．A 把木板放在車輪和車轍之間。

20．B pull out(車輛、船只等)駛出，劃出。