龍門(mén)石窟英語(yǔ)導(dǎo)游詞（附翻譯）
Ladies and gentlemen，
Welcome to Longmen Grottoes．They are located in the south of Luoyang City．They are
between Mount Xiang and Mount Longmen and face Yi River．Longmen Grottoes，Yungang Caves and Mogao Caves are regarded as the three most famous treasure houses of stone inscriptions in China．The grottoes were started around the year 494 when Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534 A.D.) moved the capital to Luoyang．Work on them continued for another 400 years until the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127 A.D.)．The first caves of Longmen were excavated in 494，the 12thyear of the Northern Wei Dynasty Xiaowen Emperor's reign．The grottoes extend for some 1,000 meters (about 1,094 yards) from north to south．They contain over 2,300 holes and niches，2,800 steles，40 stupas，1,300 caves and 97,000 sculptured figures that have survived the test of time．Most of these works date from the Northern Wei Dynasty and the flourishing age of the Tang Dynasty (618-907 A.D.)．Lots of historical materials concerning art, music, religion, calligraphy, medicine, costume and architecture are stored in the Longmen Grottoes．
Fengxian Temple
Fengxian Temple was built in the Tang Dynasty and it is the largest grotto in Longmen Grottoes with a width of 36 meters (about 118 feet) and a length of 41 meters (about 136 feet)．There are nine major figures of various facial appearances and temperaments in the temple that were built in accordance with Buddhist rites by the artists．The most impressive figure is the statue of Vairocana Buddha sitting cross-legged on the eight-square lotus throne．It is 17.14 metres (about 56 feet) high；the head alone is four meters (about 1 3 feet) high，and the ears are nearly 2 meters (about 6 feet) long．Vairocana means illuminating all things in the sutra．The Buddha has a well-filled figure，a sacred and kindly expression and an elegant smile．According to the record on the epigraph，the Empress Wu Zetian together with her subjects took part in the ceremony of Introducing the Light (a Buddhist blessing that the Buddha opens the spiritual light of himself and shares it with others)．At the sides of Vairocana there are two statues of Vairocana Buddha’s disciples，Kasyapa and Ananda，wearing prudent and devout expressions. The figures of Bodhisattvas and Devas can also be found in the temple．Some have dignified and genial expressions，while others are majestic and fiery. The various appearances and delicate designs are the representations of the Tang Empire’s powerful material and spiritual strength and the wisdom of its people.
Wanfo cave
The Wanfo Cave which was completed in 680，is a typical cave of the Tang Dynasty of two rooms and square flat roofs．Its name is due to the 15,000 small statues of Buddha chiseled in the southern and northern walls of the cave．The main Buddha Amida sits on the lotus throne，having a composed and solemn face．The wall behind Amida is carved with 54 lotuses，upon which there are 54 Bodhisattvas in different shapes and with various expressions．In addition，very pretty and charming lifelike singers and dancers are also chiseled on the wall．The singers are accompanied by various kinds of instruments and the dancers dance lightly and gracefully to the music，giving the cave a lively and cheerful atmosphere．A 85 centimeter high statue of Kwan-yin holding a pure bottle in his left hand and a deer’s tail—a symbol of brushing off the dust in Spirit—in right hand is on cave’s southern outsider wall．This figure is well designed and is regarded as the Longmen Grottoes’best example of a Tang Dynasty Bodhisattva statue.
Guyang Cave
Guyang Cave is the oldest cave in Longmen Grottoes．There are three tiers of niches on the northern and southern wall of the cave，in which are hundreds of statues，and most of the statues are engraved with the names of the artists，the dates and the reasons for carving them．The sculptures are of diverse shapes and patterns that are representations of the Gandhara Art style after the grotto art transmitted to Luoyang. A stature of Sakyamuni is situated in the middle and is nearly 8 meters (about 26 feet) high. Nineteen of the most famous Twenty Calligraphies are found in Guyang Cave. The Twenty Calligraphies represent the Wei style steles, which are the Longmen Grottoes’ basic stele calligraphies.
Binyang Cave
After constructing the Guyang Cave, the royalty of the Northern Wei Dynasty carved out a series of larger scale caves, which are the northern, southern, and middle Binyang Caves. The middle cave took the longest time to complete (from 500 to 523) and is the only one of the three finished during Northern Wei period. There are 11 big statues in the cave. Sakyamuni is of dignified and serene appearance, while this disciple and Bodhisattva are of slender figure and elegant look, which are the typical style of the late Northern Wei Dynasty. The floor is engraved with lotus patterns and on the rooftop is a flourishing lotus flower relief.
Lotus Cave (Lianhua Cave)
Chiseled grottoes on the base of the natural limestone caves are also seen in Longmen, and the Lotus Cave is one of them. Unlike the sitting statues, Sakyamuni is of standing figure, showing that he has trudged a long distance to develop Buddhism from India to China. A huge relief of a well sculpted lotus flower is engraved on the dome, with a seed bud in the center and petals of honeysuckle patters circling around. Around the lotus are six flying musicians with vivid gestures, as if they are dancing along with the melodies of the music.
Xiangshan Temple
Xiangshan Temple，which is ranked the first among Longmen Grottoes’ten temples，is situated in the middle mountainside of the East Hill．The East Longmen Hill is teeming with spices and is therefore very fragrant smelling．It’s name，Xiangshan, means“Fragrant Hill”in Mandarin．The temple was also named Xiangshan Temple．The present Xianshan Temple was reconstructed during the Qing Dynasty in 1707 and this work was based on the old Temple’ design．In 2002，Xiangshan Temple was expanded on the basis of the Qing Xiangshan Temple by Longmen Grottoes Administration, with a newly constructed Bell and Drum Tower，Wing Room，as well as Halls of Mahavira and Nine Persons. In addition, the belfry, Hall of Arhats, Emperor Qianlong’s stele and palace, Wing-room, Jiang Jieshi and Song Meiling’s Villa, along with the stairs, plank roads and temple walls have all been rebuilt and restored．A new gate was constructed south of the temple．The temple takes on a new look today, and it is really a rare scenic world cultural landmark．
Bai Garden
The Bai Garden is located on Pipa Peak north of East Longmen Hill (Xiangshan Hill) and was
reconstructed by Tang Youzeng of the Qing Dynasty in 1709．The temple is surrounded by green pine trees and cypress, looking solemn and serene. It was designated a key site for protection at the state level by the State Council in 1961. The tomb of Bai Juyi is a round mound of earth, 4 meters high, with a circumference of 52 meters．In front of the tomb stands 2.8-meter-high tombstone，which reads，“The Tomb of Bai Juyi”．Bai Juyi’s family was originally from Taiyuan in Shanxi Province and then moved to neighboring Shaanxi Province．He lived from 772 to 846 A.D.，and his style name was Letian. Bai Juyi was one of the Tang Dynasty’s most outstanding poets and enjoyed great literary fame both in and outside of China．He held a number of high government posts and instructed a prince during his later years. After retiring，he came to Luoyang and made good friends with“Nine Persons of Xiangshan Hill”，who often composed and sang poems at the Longmen Grottoes. Meanwhile，he donated money for the construction of Xiangshan Temple. When Bai Juyi died, he was buried, in accordance to his will, in the present Bai Garden．The important scenic spots in the Bai Garden are the Tingyi, Cuiyue, Bai, and Songfeng Pavilions, Letian Hall, Bird’s Head Gate, Pipa Peak, Bai Juyi’s Tomb, Wogu Tablet, Poem Corridor, and Daoshi Reading Room．As a garden constructed according to style of the Tang Dynasty, it is both a tourist resort and a good place to pay homage to the great poet．
In addition, there is Prescription Cave that has about 140 prescriptions engraved on the walls，showing the achievements of ancient Chinese medicine．Some of the prescriptions are still used today．Other caves and temples like Xiangshan Temple, Huangfu Cave, and Qianxi Temple can also be found at the Longmen Grottoes．
Well, my friends，Longmen Grottoes’s visit nearly come to an end，and I have to say goodbye to you a11．Anyway I am very glad to have spent such a happy and unforgettable day with you. Welcome you to come here again for sightseeing．Thank you all! Have a happy journey! Goodbye!
各位朋友大家好! 我們現(xiàn)在要去參觀游覽龍門(mén)石窟。龍門(mén)石窟位于河南省洛陽(yáng)市南郊，處于香山(東)、龍門(mén)山(西)兩山之間，面朝伊水。它同甘肅的敦煌石窟、山西大同的云岡石窟并稱(chēng)中國(guó)古代佛教石窟藝術(shù)的三大寶庫(kù)。龍門(mén)石窟開(kāi)鑿于北魏孝文帝遷都洛陽(yáng) (公元494年) ，直至北宋前后延續(xù)四百多年。龍門(mén)石窟南北長(zhǎng)約1000米，現(xiàn)存洞和窟共2300個(gè)，窟龕2800個(gè)，佛塔40余座，石窟1300多個(gè)，佛像97000余尊。絕大部分是北魏和盛唐時(shí)期的作品。大量涉及藝術(shù)、音樂(lè)、宗教、雕刻、醫(yī)藥、服飾和建筑的歷史材料被保存在龍門(mén)石窟中。
奉先寺
奉先寺是龍門(mén)唐代石窟中最大的一個(gè)石窟，長(zhǎng)為41米，寬為36米。在寺中，藝術(shù)家塑造了9個(gè)相貌、氣質(zhì)各異的佛教神像。最能給人留下印象的是正中盧舍那佛的叉腿坐像。這個(gè)佛像身高17.14米，頭高4米，耳朵長(zhǎng)1.9米。盧舍那意即光明遍照。這尊佛像豐頤秀目，嘴角微翹，呈微笑狀。據(jù)造像銘載，女皇武則天曾親率朝臣參加了盧舍那佛的“開(kāi)光”儀式。在盧舍那佛兩側(cè)有兩尊佛像，他們是迦葉和阿難。這兩位菩薩衣飾華麗，端莊而矜持。天王和力士也能從寺中找到，有的嚴(yán)肅威武而碩壯有力，有的堅(jiān)毅勇猛而無(wú)所畏懼。這些形神兼?zhèn)洹⑽┟钗┬さ姆鹣瘢从沉颂频蹏?guó)強(qiáng)大的物質(zhì)和精神力量，也反映了唐代人民高超的技藝和智慧。
萬(wàn)佛洞
萬(wàn)佛洞完工于公元680年，前后兩室，有一平頂廣場(chǎng)，是典型的唐代建筑。它因洞內(nèi)南北兩壁雕刻的一萬(wàn)五千多尊小佛像而得名。正壁主尊阿彌陀佛高約4米，頭飾波狀發(fā)髻，面相豐滿圓潤(rùn)，結(jié)跏趺坐于八角形束腰須彌蓮花座上，神情安詳肅穆。后壁刻著五十四枝蓮花，每枝蓮花上各坐一尊菩薩或供養(yǎng)人，構(gòu)思新穎奇特。南北兩壁壁基雕有多尊伎樂(lè)人和舞者。伎樂(lè)人手持各種樂(lè)器，形象生動(dòng)傳神，似乎已陶醉在自己奏出的天籟之聲中。舞者婀娜多姿，衣袂飄飄，仿佛正在精心演繹最曼妙的舞蹈。整個(gè)洞窟營(yíng)造了一種西天極樂(lè)世界里歌舞升平，萬(wàn)人成佛的場(chǎng)景。洞外南壁雕有觀世音菩薩像，勻稱(chēng)適度，右手執(zhí)麈尾，左手提凈瓶，表現(xiàn)了“萬(wàn)法皆空歸南海，一塵不染凈禪心”的佛家至高境界。這個(gè)佛像設(shè)計(jì)精美，是唐石刻觀音菩薩的杰作。
古陽(yáng)洞
古陽(yáng)洞是龍門(mén)石窟中開(kāi)鑿最早的.一座洞窟。古陽(yáng)洞北側(cè)墻壁上排列了三層大型佛龕，里面很多佛龕造像，這項(xiàng)佛龕造像多有題記，記錄了當(dāng)時(shí)造像者的姓名、造像年月及緣由，這些都是研究北魏書(shū)法和雕刻藝術(shù)的珍貴資料。這些題記的式樣和風(fēng)格代表了隨后傳至洛陽(yáng)的魏碑體。一尊高7.82米的釋迦牟尼像安坐在洞窟中央。舉世聞名的“龍門(mén)十二品”中古陽(yáng)洞獨(dú)占十九品。“龍門(mén)十二品”代表北魏“秀骨清像”造像風(fēng)格，是龍門(mén)石窟的精髓所在。
賓陽(yáng)洞
興建古陽(yáng)洞之后，北魏王室又建造了一系列大型洞窟，那就是賓陽(yáng)北洞、賓陽(yáng)南洞和賓陽(yáng)中洞。賓陽(yáng)中洞從公元500年開(kāi)鑿直到523年停工，是三洞中唯一在北魏時(shí)期完成的。洞中有11尊大佛像，主佛釋迦牟尼表情溫和，神采飄逸，體態(tài)修長(zhǎng)，面容清瘦，造像手法是典型的北魏后期的風(fēng)格。賓陽(yáng)中洞的地面雕刻著大型蓮花，周邊是蓮花花瓣、水波紋和其他裝飾圖案，如同鮮艷美麗的地毯式樣子。
蓮花洞
龍門(mén)石窟中也有基于自然洞穴而雕刻成的石窟，蓮花洞便是其中典型一例。與一般的坐像不同，這里的釋迦牟尼是站像，體現(xiàn)了他長(zhǎng)途跋涉從印度往中國(guó)宣傳佛法之艱辛。穹隆頂上雕有一朵碩大精美的蓮花，花瓣朝外，每片都有不同的風(fēng)格。圍繞蓮花，還有6個(gè)手捧果品、迎風(fēng)飛翔的大型飛天浮雕，婀娜多姿，生動(dòng)傳神，而天衣、云彩隨著天女的舞動(dòng)在翩飛飄揚(yáng)。
香山寺
號(hào)稱(chēng)“龍門(mén)十寺”之首的千年古剎香山寺位于龍門(mén)東山山腰。東龍門(mén)山因其香味而被稱(chēng)為“香閣”，也稱(chēng)香山，其寺便稱(chēng)為香山寺。現(xiàn)有的香山寺是于清朝年間（公元1707年）在舊址上重建的。2002年，龍門(mén)管理局在清代香山寺的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行了擴(kuò)建，包括興建了鐘鼓樓、大雄寶殿、廂房、門(mén)樓、觀景廊、蓮花池、南北山上步游道等仿古建筑；改建、維修了天王殿、羅漢殿、御碑亭、蔣宋別墅、衣缽塔等舊有建筑。景區(qū)管理部門(mén)還對(duì)香山寺及龍門(mén)東、西兩山石窟周邊環(huán)境進(jìn)行了清理。現(xiàn)在的香山寺已經(jīng)恢復(fù)“危樓切漢，飛閣凌霄，石像七龕，浮屠八角”的風(fēng)貌，確實(shí)是不可多得的美景。
白園
白園位于龍門(mén)東山（香山）琵琶峰，為清代唐友曾重建（公元1709年）。園內(nèi)松柏蔥郁，景色清麗。1961年與龍門(mén)石窟一起被列為國(guó)家級(jí)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位。園內(nèi)的白居易墓高4米，四周有52米長(zhǎng)的圍墻。在墓前有一高2.8米的墓碑，上刻有“白居易之墓”。白居易，字樂(lè)天，祖籍山西太原后遷至陜西，生于公元772年，卒于公元846年。作為我國(guó)唐代著名詩(shī)人之一，白居易在國(guó)內(nèi)外文學(xué)界都有較高聲譽(yù)。他在朝廷擔(dān)任多個(gè)職務(wù)，晚年曾為太師，告退后來(lái)到洛陽(yáng)，與經(jīng)常在龍門(mén)賦詩(shī)作曲的香山九老結(jié)為好友，并捐贈(zèng)修建香山寺。他死后，人們按其意愿將他葬于白園。白園建有清谷、聽(tīng)伊亭、樂(lè)天堂、白亭、鳥(niǎo)頭門(mén)、道時(shí)書(shū)屋、詩(shī)廊、翠樾亭等仿唐建筑，是一個(gè)緬懷偉大詩(shī)人的優(yōu)美景點(diǎn)。
這里還有藥王洞，墻壁上刻有140個(gè)藥方，體現(xiàn)了中國(guó)古代的醫(yī)學(xué)成就。有些藥方沿用至今。其他的洞和寺廟如皇甫洞和潛溪寺等也在龍門(mén)石窟中。
好了，各位游客，龍門(mén)石窟參觀活動(dòng)就要結(jié)束了，歡迎大家有機(jī)會(huì)再到這里參觀旅游，謝謝! 再見(jiàn)!
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